The Spectrum Characteristic of Hydrogen Bonds

It has been observed that in certain substances containing hydroxyl hydrogen the relatively narrow and intense absorption bands which ordinarily are characteristic of the O-H group appear to be absent. Since in these cases it appears very probable that the hydroxyl hydrogen is involved in the formation of the type of linkage known as the "hydrogen bond" it has been suggested that the absence of bands may be taken as a criterion for the presence of such bond (1). On the other hand the O-H fundamental band appears strongly in a number of substances containing hydroxyl groups in which the hydrogens are supposed to be engaged in linkages which Bernal and Megal prefer, in this case, to call "hydroxyl bonds" (2). These substances include ice and a number of minerals examined by Coblentz (3). These observations have left the situation somewhat unclear since they leave the question open as to whether the O-H absorption in the cases first mentioned has merely shifted to some new region where it has not been observed, or whether it has really disappeared. If the latter were true there would appear to be a considerable difference between the hydrogen linkages in the two cases

Habitus and Utopia in Science: Bourdieu, Mannheim, and the Role of Specialties in the Scientific Field

Abstract: Pierre Bourdieu has claimed that his concept of the habitus resolves the objectivism/constructivism debate in the sociology of science. While institutional norms require that scientists maintain a disinterested attitude, studies have revealed that scientists often fail to live up to the normative standard of disinterestedness, sometimes becoming highly tendentious to promote their own work. Bourdieu resolves the interested/disinterested paradox by claiming that scientists promote their own personal interests through objective science. This is supposed to be the consequence of the scientific habitus, which ensures that the biases of the scientific field remain invisible to scientists who operate within it. The concept of the habitus is central to Bourdieu’s theory of science. However, it has suffered from two major shortcomings: 1) the scientific field is made up of clusters of specializations which are shaped by interactions with each other, and the habitus does not account for these mesolevel interactions; 2) it can only account for reproduction of the scientific field and therefore ignores the mechanisms which produce change. I argue that Karl Mannheim’s sociology of knowledge may be employed to better understand how the properties of scientific specialties both reproduce interested and disinterested behavior among scientists and facilitate change in particular specialty areas. Key words: Pierre Bourdieu; Karl Mannheim; Habitus; Utopia; Field Theory; Specialization; Constructivism; Objectivism; Scientific Chang

A comparison of cortical and trabecular bone from C57 Black 6 mice using Raman spectroscopy

Peer reviewedPostprin

Effects of deleting cannabinoid receptor-2 on mechanical and material properties of cortical and trabecular bone

Acknowledgements We thank Dr J.S. Gregory for assistance with Image J and Mr K. Mackenzie for assistance with Micro-CT analysis. Funding ABK was funded by a University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences studentship and the Overseas Research Students Awards Scheme.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Mechanical and material properties of cortical and trabecular bone from cannabinoid receptor-1-null (Cnr1-/-) mice

Funding ABK was funded by a studentship from the University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, and the Overseas Research Students Awards Scheme Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr J.S. Gregory for assistance with Image J and Mr K. Mackenzie for assistance with Micro-CT analysis.Peer reviewedPostprin

Absolutely continuous spectrum for a random potential on a tree with strong transverse correlations and large weighted loops

We consider random Schr\"odinger operators on tree graphs and prove absolutely continuous spectrum at small disorder for two models. The first model is the usual binary tree with certain strongly correlated random potentials. These potentials are of interest since for complete correlation they exhibit localization at all disorders. In the second model we change the tree graph by adding all possible edges to the graph inside each sphere, with weights proportional to the number of points in the sphere.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figure

Muscular expressions: profiling genes in complex tissues

Gene-expression profiling has yielded important information about simple systems, but complex tissues have not yet been widely profiled. Four recent studies of mammalian skeletal muscles have added to the catalogs of their gene expression differences, but have yet to lead to better understanding of the molecular processes underlying their physiological differences