Prioritising the most needed paediatric antiretroviral formulations: the PADO4 list

Despite considerable progress in paediatric HIV treatment and timely revision of global policies recommending the use of more effective and tolerable antiretroviral regimens, optimal antiretroviral formulations for infants, children, and adolescents remain limited. The Paediatric Antiretroviral Drug Optimization group reviews medium-term and long-term priorities for antiretroviral drug development to guide industry and other stakeholders on formulations most needed for low-income and middle-income countries. The group convened in December, 2018, to assess progress since the previous meeting and update the list of priority formulations. Issues relating to drug optimisation for neonatal prophylaxis and paediatric treatment, and those relating to the investigation of novel antiretrovirals in adolescents and pregnant and lactating women were also discussed. Continued focus on identifying, prioritising, and providing access to optimal antiretroviral formulations suitable for infants, children, and adolescents is key to ensuring that global HIV treatment targets can be met

Youth Living with HIV in Mozambique—Reaching the Last 95: A Qualitative Study in Sofala, Manica and Niassa Provinces

Introduction Mozambique is working to achieve sustained epidemic control through the “95-95-95” goals outlined by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)—that by 2030, 95 percent of people living with HIV know their diagnosis (1st 95), 95 percent of those diagnosed receive sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART) (2nd 95), and 95 percent of those on ART are virally suppressed (3rd 95). With more than 1 million people on treatment, Mozambique is making progress toward reaching these goals. However, low rates of treatment retention, especially among children (ages 0–14 years), adolescents (ages 15–19 years), and young adults (ages 20–24 years), threaten to undermine epidemic control. For example, in 2017, the 12-month rate of retention in care was only 70 percent—and only 62 percent among adolescents (PEPFAR, 2018). To meet their global commitments, Mozambique must continue to use data to rapidly design, refine and scale up programming to address the specific barriers faced by adolescents and young adults, building on successes so far achieved. The Government of Mozambique is rolling out various epidemic control strategies to strengthen the HIV response and better meet the needs of young people living with HIV. However, the response is hindered by a lack of input from young people living with HIV and their caregivers. This study was conducted by the Health Policy Plus (HP+) project, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), in collaboration with the Ministério da Saúde (Ministry of Health, Mozambique) (MISAU). It is intended to provide novel and timely data to guide policymakers and program managers in designing and refining adolescent HIV treatment strategies. HP+ also aimed to take stock of progress in rolling out new initiatives (such as viral load testing and Serviços de Ami

Anemia in elderly patient affected by primitive hyperparathyroidism with parathyroid adenoma [Anemia in un paziente anziano con iperparatiroidismo primitivo da adenoma paratiroideo]

Hyperparathyroidism represents a rare disease especially in the elderly. In this paper, we describe a case of primitive hyperparathyroidism in a 77-year old female with parathyroid adenoma complicated by severe anemia and several osteolytic area