Extracting Classical Correlations from a Bipartite Quantum System

In this paper we discuss the problem of splitting the total correlations for a bipartite quantum state described by the Von Neumann mutual information into classical and quantum parts. We propose a measure of the classical correlations as the difference between the Von Neumann mutual information and the relative entropy of entanglement. We compare this measure with different measures proposed in the literature.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

CYTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NORMAL HEMATOPOIETIC COLONY-FORMING CELLS AND CELLS OF THE LYMPHOID SYSTEM

The relationship between hematopoietic colony-forming stem cells and cells in the thymus and lymph nodes of unirradiated mice has been investigated using a chromosome-marker technique. It was found that a high proportion of cells in the thymus may belong to the same clone as normal hematopoietic colony-forming cells. It was also found that cells belonging to the same clone as colony-forming cells may reach the lymph nodes, and that nodes containing such cells can participate in an immunological response against sheep red cells. Either the precursors of cells in thymus and lymph node are identical with hematopoietic colony-forming cells, or they are both descendants of a common precursor which has not yet been identified. The results are compatible with the view that cells of the hematopoietic system and the immune system may be derived from the same stem cell

Integral CFLs performance in table lamps

This paper focuses on performance variations associated with lamp geometry and distribution in portable table luminaires. If correctly retrofit with compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), these high use fixtures produce significant energy savings, but if misused, these products could instead generate consumer dissatisfaction with CFLs. It is the authors assertion that the lumen distribution of the light source within the luminaires plays a critical role in total light output, fixture efficiency and efficacy, and, perhaps most importantly, perceived brightness. The authors studied nearly 30 different integral (screw-based) CFLs available on the market today in search of a lamp, or group of lamps, which work best in portable table luminaires. The findings conclusively indicate that horizontally oriented CFLs outperform all other types of CFLs in nearly every aspect

Identification of the NF-κB activating protein-like locus as a risk locus for rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: To fine-map the NF-κB activating protein-like (NKAPL) locus identified in a prior genome-wide study as a possible rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk locus and thereby delineate additional variants with stronger and/or independent disease association. Methods: Genotypes for 101 SNPs across the NKAPL locus on chromosome 6p22.1 were obtained on 1368 Canadian RA cases and 1471 controls. Single marker associations were examined using logistic regression and the most strongly associated NKAPL locus SNPs then typed in another Canadian and a US-based RA case/control cohort. Results: Fine-mapping analyses identified six NKAPL locus variants in a single haplotype block showing association with p≤5.6×10−8 in the combined Canadian cohort. Among these SNPs, rs35656932 in the zinc finger 193 gene and rs13208096 in the NKAPL gene remained significant after conditional logistic regression, contributed independently to risk for disease, and were replicated in the US cohort (Pcomb=4.24×10−10 and 2.44×10−9, respectively). These associations remained significant after conditioning on SNPs tagging the HLA-shared epitope (SE) DRB1*0401 allele and were significantly stronger in the HLA-SE negative versus positive subgroup, with a significant negative interaction apparent between HLA-DRB1 SE and NKAPL risk alleles. Conclusions: By illuminating additional NKAPL variants with highly significant effects on risk that are distinct from, but interactive with those arising from the HLA-DRB1 locus, our data conclusively identify NKAPL as an RA susceptibility locus

International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined10(-8)) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine-cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist

A design guide for energy-efficient research laboratories

This document--A Design Guide for Energy-Efficient Research Laboratories--provides a detailed and holistic framework to assist designers and energy managers in identifying and applying advanced energy-efficiency features in laboratory-type environments. The Guide fills an important void in the general literature and compliments existing in-depth technical manuals. Considerable information is available pertaining to overall laboratory design issues, but no single document focuses comprehensively on energy issues in these highly specialized environments. Furthermore, practitioners may utilize many antiquated rules of thumb, which often inadvertently cause energy inefficiency. The Guide helps its user to: introduce energy decision-making into the earliest phases of the design process, access the literature of pertinent issues, and become aware of debates and issues on related topics. The Guide does focus on individual technologies, as well as control systems, and important operational factors such as building commissioning. However, most importantly, the Guide is intended to foster a systems perspective (e.g. right sizing) and to present current leading-edge, energy-efficient design practices and principles

Correspondence : In support of the IES method of evaluating light source colour rendition

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Data for Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 15 Problem 2, Genetic Causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Associated Traits

For Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 Problem 2, we organized data from several ongoing studies designed to identify genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Data were derived from the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC), collaboration among Canadian researchers, the European Consortium on Rheumatoid Arthritis Families (ECRAF), and investigators from Manchester, England. All groups used a common standard for defining rheumatoid arthritis, but NARAC also further selected for a more severe phenotype in the probands. Genotyping and family structures for microsatellite-based linkage analysis were provided from all centers. In addition, all centers but ECRAF have genotyped families for linkage analysis using SNPs and these data were additionally provided. NARAC also had additional data from a dense genotyping analysis of a region of chromosome 18 and results from candidate gene studies, which were provided. Finally, smoking influences risk for rheumatoid arthritis, and data were provided from the NARAC study on this behavior as well as some additional phenotypes measuring severity. Several questions could be evaluated using the data that were provided. These include comparing linkage analysis using single-nucleotide polymorphisms versus microsatellites and identifying credible regions of linkage outside the HLA region on chromosome 6p13, which has been extensively documented; evaluating the joint effects of smoking with genetic factors; and identifying more homogenous subsets of families for whom genetic susceptibility might be stronger, so that linkage and association studies may be more efficiently conducted

Data for Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 15 Problem 2, genetic causes of rheumatoid arthritis and associated traits

For Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 Problem 2, we organized data from several ongoing studies designed to identify genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Data were derived from the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (NARAC), collaboration among Canadian researchers, the European Consortium on Rheumatoid Arthritis Families (ECRAF), and investigators from Manchester, England. All groups used a common standard for defining rheumatoid arthritis, but NARAC also further selected for a more severe phenotype in the probands. Genotyping and family structures for microsatellite-based linkage analysis were provided from all centers. In addition, all centers but ECRAF have genotyped families for linkage analysis using SNPs and these data were additionally provided. NARAC also had additional data from a dense genotyping analysis of a region of chromosome 18 and results from candidate gene studies, which were provided. Finally, smoking influences risk for rheumatoid arthritis, and data were provided from the NARAC study on this behavior as well as some additional phenotypes measuring severity. Several questions could be evaluated using the data that were provided. These include comparing linkage analysis using single-nucleotide polymorphisms versus microsatellites and identifying credible regions of linkage outside the HLA region on chromosome 6p13, which has been extensively documented; evaluating the joint effects of smoking with genetic factors; and identifying more homogenous subsets of families for whom genetic susceptibility might be stronger, so that linkage and association studies may be more efficiently conducted