Viola odorata: Influence of supercritical fluid extraction on the efficiency of ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds

This study aimed at examining the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction on the subsequent extraction of the Viola odorata polar bioactive components. The raw material was firs submitted to ScCO2 extraction for the extraction of the lipophilic fraction. Then the exhausted raw material was subjected to ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) in order to extract the polar components. ScCO2 extraction was performed under the pressure of 300 bar and at a temperature of 40 °C for 4 hours. In order to see the effect of ScCO2, the UAE and MAE (50% aqueous ethanol solution as solvent) were conducted on both exhausted (residue-after the ScCO2) and unexploited raw materials. Also, the impact of the various UAE and MAE conditions was tested. The UAE was conducted on two different temperatures (40 and 50 °C) at the constant extraction time (40 and 20 min). MAE was conducted on two different extraction powers (470 and 800 W) and at the constant extraction time (10 min). The results were focused on the content of total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the obtained extracts. The yield during the ScCO2 process was 1.43% (w/w). It was noted that the extracts obtained by applying UAE and MAE after the ScCO2 were noticeably richer in the content of total phenols. UAE conditions of 40 °C and 20 min showed the highest yield of total phenols, recording 70.38 mg GAE/g DE, while the MAE at the power of 470 W achieved 11.89% higher yield of polyphenols in residue extracts. The antioxidant activity has also been in correlation with the concentration of polyphenols

Extraction of sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) by supercritical carbon dioxide

In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide was applied for the extraction of Artemisia annua L. Moreover, the impact of different parameters of supercritical extraction on total yield was investigated and the obtained yields were compared to the ones obtained by conventional procedures, hydrodistillation and Soxhlet extraction. Supercritical fluid extraction at 40 °C and different pressures (100, 200, and 300 bar) resulted in extraction yields that were in the 2.23-5.18 % range, while the yields at 60 °C and the same pressures were in the range 2.43-3.35 %. The yields obtained by the Soxhlet extraction and hydrodistillation were 10.28 % and 0.10 %, respectively. Although supercritical fluid extraction is inferior to Soxhlet extraction in terms of the recovery of lipophilic components of A. annua, the Soxhlet extraction is not the method of choice for obtaining sweet wormwood extracts due to its numerous disadvantages that include the use of toxic solvents, extended extraction time, health safety of the product, the need for further processing, the impossibility of adjusting the selectivity and thus the composition of the product

Uptake and distribution of metals in Populus nigra and Populus tremula

Woody plants are increasingly used in the remediation of contaminated land. The content of metals (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ca, Mg) was analyzed in the plant species Populus nigra L. and Populus tremula L. and in the soil on which they grow. The aim of the research was to determine differences between these two species based on the content of metals in plant organs (sprouts and leaves) and bioaccumulation potential and point out the potential application of these species in phytoremediation. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to measure these heavy metals in soil and plant material. The results showed that P. tremula was a better metal accumulator because it absorbed larger quantities of Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn from P. nigra. P. nigra absorbed more chromium than P. tremula. Both species proved to be good zinc accumulators, and better bioaccumulation potential was found in P. tremula of P. nigra, although aspen had a strong negative correlation with Zn

Curcuma longa L: pulsed electric field pretreatment followed by subcritical water extraction with addition of acidic modifier

In this study, subcritical water extraction (SWE) was applied to the Curcuma longa that was subjected to the pulse electric field (PEF) pretreatments. In addition, to investigate the possibility of improving the stability of curcuminoids and considering that curcuminoids are stable in an acidic environment, the addition of the HCl acid as an extraction modifier was investigated

Quality of life of patients after total laryngectomy – sf-36

Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life of patients after total laryngectomy and to determine the influence of a vocal rehabilitation on the improvement of the quality of life of these patients. Methods. The study included 45 patients, 25 patients were in the experimental group and 20 patients were in the control group. The experimental group consisted of male respondents after total laryngectomy who mastered esophageal speech, aged 54 to 72 years. A subjective assessment of voice was conducted, using the SF-36 questionnaire which is valid and culturally adapted version of the Serbian language, consisting of 36 questions, which measures functioning in the following areas: functional ability, physical ability, emotional capacity, vitality, mental health, social functioning, pain and general health. Results. SF-36 has shown that patients after vocal rehabilitation have higher scores on all subtests. Using the t test for large independent samples, a statistically significant difference has been found between the experimental group at the beginning of the measurement and control group on all subtests. Statistical significance is at the 0.01 level. The mean value (M) is lower in the experimental group at the beginning of measurement than the control group. In contrast to this result, there is no statistically significant difference between the experimental group at the end of the measurement and control group. Conclusion. Vocal rehabilitation was significant in patients after total laryngectomy; in addition to mastering some of the methods of speech, these patients were able to overcome the feeling of shame because of their physical appearance after the operation and to strengthen their self-confidence

Uticaj radioterapije na kvalitet života laringektomiranih pacijenata pre i posle vokalne rehabilitacije

Introduction: One of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck is laryngeal cancer. Total laryngectomy leads to sustained loss of larynx, which disrupts normal anatomical relationships in the neck, causing a disorder of communication and social interaction of the patient. Objective: The aim of this research is to determine the impact of radiotherapy on the quality of life of laryngectomized patients after vocal rehabilitation. Method: The study involved 50 patients after total laryngectomy. The age of the subjects ranged from 51 to 83 years. One-factor variance analysis (ANOVA) tested the differences between the average achievements on VHI and HNQOL scales before and after vocal rehabilitation. This scale can provide information about the degree of speech disability experienced by the patient himself, then the patient's satisfaction with treatment or treatment and the impact that he has vocal rehabilitation on the quality of his life before and after treatment. Results: In our study, patients who underwent radical surgical intervention reported better quality of life compared to patients who underwent other combined treatment modalities. It was found that statistically significant differences exist on all the supersales of both scales. Statistical significance was defined at the probability level of the zero hypothesis from p ≤ 0.05 to p lt 0.001. Conclusion: Successful vocal rehabilitation is an important factor in the quality of life of patients after total laryngectomy and represents an exit from social isolation.Uvod: Jedan od najčešćih malignih tumora glave i vrata jeste karcinom larinksa. Totalna laringektomija dovodi do trajnog gubitka larinksa čime se narušavaju normalni anatomski odnosi u vratu, što izaziva poremećaj komunikacije i socijalne interakcije pacijenta. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi koliki uticaj ima radioterapija na kvalitet života laringektomiranih pacijenata nakon vokalne rehabilitacije. Metod rada: U istraživanju je učestvovalo 50 pacijenata nakon totalne laringektomije. Starost ispitanika kretala se od 51 do 83 godine. Jednofaktorskom analizom varijanse (ANOVA) izvršeno je testiranje razlika između prosečnih postignuća na VHI i HNQOL skali pre i posle vokalne rehabilitacije. Ovim skalama možemo doći do informacije o stepenu govorne invalidnosti koju doživljava sam pacijent, zatim zadovoljstvom pacijenta primenjenim lečenjem ili tretmanom i uticaju koji ima vokalna rehabilitacija na kvaliteta njegovog života pre i nakon tretmana. Rezultati: U našoj studiji pacijenti koji su podvrgnuti radikalnoj hirurškoj intervenciji prijavili su bolji kvalitet života u poređenju sa pacijentima koji su bili podvrgnuti drugim kombinovanim modalitetima lečenja. Ustanovljeno je da statistički značajne razlike postoje na svim supskalama obe skale. Statistička značajnost definisana je na nivou verovatnoće nulte hipoteze od p ≤ 0,05 do p lt 0,001. Zaključak: Uspešna vokalna rehabilitacija je važan faktor kvalitetnog života pacijenata nakon totalne laringektomije i predstavlja izlaz iz društvene izolacije

Quality of life of patients after total laryngectomy – sf-36

Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life of patients after total laryngectomy and to determine the influence of a vocal rehabilitation on the improvement of the quality of life of these patients. Methods. The study included 45 patients, 25 patients were in the experimental group and 20 patients were in the control group. The experimental group consisted of male respondents after total laryngectomy who mastered esophageal speech, aged 54 to 72 years. A subjective assessment of voice was conducted, using the SF-36 questionnaire which is valid and culturally adapted version of the Serbian language, consisting of 36 questions, which measures functioning in the following areas: functional ability, physical ability, emotional capacity, vitality, mental health, social functioning, pain and general health. Results. SF-36 has shown that patients after vocal rehabilitation have higher scores on all subtests. Using the t test for large independent samples, a statistically significant difference has been found between the experimental group at the beginning of the measurement and control group on all subtests. Statistical significance is at the 0.01 level. The mean value (M) is lower in the experimental group at the beginning of measurement than the control group. In contrast to this result, there is no statistically significant difference between the experimental group at the end of the measurement and control group. Conclusion. Vocal rehabilitation was significant in patients after total laryngectomy; in addition to mastering some of the methods of speech, these patients were able to overcome the feeling of shame because of their physical appearance after the operation and to strengthen their self-confidence