Genotypic specificity of soybean [Glycine max. (L) merr.] under conditions of foliar fertilization

Knowledge of genetic traits that affect yield and chemical composition of soybean grain is vital for the organization of an effective soybean breeding program. Two-year trials (2009-2010) were carried out at the Rimski Sancevi Experiment Field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in three replications. We assessed the impact of foliar fertilization with a complex liquid fertilizer that combined macroelements (N, P, K - 12:4:6, respectively) and microelements (Fe, Mn, Cu, B, Zn) on yield and grain chemical compositions of NS soybean cultivars of different maturity groups. The following traits were monitored: 1000-grain weight (g), soybean grain yield (kg/ha), and total protein and oil contents and protein and oil yield in soybean grain. All traits varied significantly depending on variety and year. On average, all cultivars had higher yield and 1000-grain weight in the variant with foliar fertilization than in the control. The highest yield in the control variant was achieved by the cultivar Victoria (5273 kg ha-1 in 2009, while the highest yield in the variant with foliar fertilization was achieved by the cultivar Tea (5333 kg ha-1) in 2010. The average weight of 1000 grains was significantly higher in 2010 (161.2 g) than in 2009 (132.4 g). The lowest average 1000-grain weight was registered for the cultivar Galina (140 g). The cultivar Victoria had the highest protein content in the control variant, while the cultivar Tea had the highest oil content (21.73%). In the variant of foliar fertilization, the cultivar Tea had significantly higher contents of proteins and oil than the other tested varieties. The values of the coefficient of correlation between the studied traits in the variant of foliar fertilization were similar to the values in the control variant. The oil content was significantly and negatively correlated with 1000-grain weight (r=-0.86**, r=-0.80**) and negatively correlated with protein content in soybean (r=-0.42, r=-0.04) in both the control variant and the variant with foliar fertilization. The yield was negatively correlated with protein content (r=-0.36, r=-0.05) in the control variant and the variant with foliar fertilization. The obtained results indicate that the yield, protein and oil content in soybean is a cultivar characteristic, but it is also strongly affected by the environment and affected by the foliar fertilization

Assessment of some parameters productivity and quality of populations phleum pratense l. Grown in conditions of Serbia

Phleum pratense (L.) is the important forage grass species in Serbia. The study was conducted on 20 autochthonous population of Phleum pratense (L.), originating from Western Serbia. Plant height, protein content and crude cellulose content had a high direct impact on yield. Populations of PP16, PP20, PP2 and PP9 had the significantly higher yield of the raw matter compared to all the tested population and the highest values for the other evaluated parameters, also. The average yield of crude biomass was positive statistically highly significantly correlated with plant height (r=0.87**), and positively significantly correlated with a content of crude proteins and positive non significant correlated with crude cellulose (r=0.42 ). Based on obtained values and by the appropriate choice of selection methods, we conclude that we have excellent genotypes, PP16, PP20, PP2 and PP9 for a successful selection process in order to obtain new high yielding varieties of Phleum pratense

Semenarsko tehnološki pokazatelji osobina hibridnog semena kukuruza

In hybrid maize seed processing, due to variable and different agro ecological conditions in production, exist a problem of seed shape and size. Seed of different shape and size, beside physiological traits cause a problem in practice as planting material. First process to achieve planting value is to divide seed to different fractions of shape and size. In this paper, two single cross hybrids from Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje. have been studied. Seed was produced in two different locations. For each hybrid combination, two seed fractions were obtained for shape and three for size. For each hybrid combination and location, six different seed sizes were obtained. For each seed size, from hybrid combination and location, following seed characteristics were study: 1000 kernels weight, seed germination, kernel number per kilogram, kernel number and weigh by liter. Experimental data were calculated to total variability by factorial analysis of variance and correlation. Results shows similarity and differences in seed traits by seed size, location and hybrid combination. Of high significance are differences for kernel number per kilogram, kernel number and weight by liter. These results are of practical significance for hybrid maize seed processing.U doradi hibridnog semena kukuruza, usled promenljivih i sasvim različitih agroekoloških uslova u semenskom usevu, pojavljuje se seme različitog oblika i veličine. Seme različitog oblika i veličene pokazuje i različite fiziološke osobine tako da nastaju brojni problem u primeni takvog setvenog materijala. Stoga je prvi postupak u doradi setvene vrednosti semena kalibriranje na frakcije različitog oblika i veličine. U radu su izvršena istraživanja sa hibridnim semenom dve SC kombinacije stvarane u Institutu za kukuruz "Zemun Polje". Seme je proizvedeno na po dve lokacije. Za svaku hibridnu kombinaciju izdvojene su dve frakcije oblika i tri veličine. Frakcije semena izdvajane su naizmeničnim kombinovanjem cilindričnih rešeta sa pravougaonim i okruglim otvorima. Za svaku hibridnu kombinaciju i lokaciju izdvojeno je šest rangova semena. Ispitivane su sledeće osobine hibridnog semena: masa 1000 semena, klijavost semena, broj semena u kg, broj i masa semena u litri. Eksperimentalni podaci obrađeni su na ukupnu varijabilnost. Rezultati pokazuju sličnost i razlike u ispoljavanju osobina hibridnog semena kukuruza u odnosu na frakciju, lokaciju proizvodnje i hibridnu kombinaciju. Posebno su od značaja razlike za broj semena u kg, broj i masa semena u litri. Ovi rezultati magu se primeniti za unapredjenje procesa dorade semena kukuruza

Analiza prinosa zrna i kvaliteta brašna nekih sorata ozime pšenice u 2011. I 2012. godini

Wheat was in the past, is at present and will surely be in the future, basic and vital element of the daily diet of humans and animals. The world market, and more and we do have expressed the desire and request of sorts, which in addition to high and stable yields with good quality parameters and flour. Cultivars with the most stable yield and good quality grain were varieties Talas and Pobeda. These varieties are high in quality protein and by analogy, this is a high gluten content and quality, as confirmed by rheological measurements. High yields of tested wheat varieties are the result of the interaction of genetic potential of the tested wheat varieties and application of good management systems in circumstances where the distribution of rainfall during the growing seasons, from the time of sowing and harvest was not favorable to the production of wheat. After testing cultivars, Talas and Pobeda are classified in A2 quality group, group of cultivars for quality flour and bread, and as such also belong to the group of improvers. Varieties Merkur, Ratarica and Esperia are classified as B1 group, group of cultivars good for bread. Cultivars NS 40 S and Balaton are classified as B2 quality group. The cultivar with the lowest quality is sorta Apach and classified in the C1 group of quality, which means that millers and bakers must mix flour with a variety of cultivars of flour improver, to obtain good quality bread.Pšenica je bila u prošlosti, jeste u sadašnjosti a sigurno će biti i u budućnosti bazna komponenta svakodnevne ishrane ljudi i životinja. Sada i kod nas, kao i u svetu, sve više se javlja tražnja za sortama koje pored visokog prinosa zrna, imaju i dobar kvalitet brašna. Sorte domaće selekcije Talas i Pobeda, stabilnog prinosa i dobrog kvaliteta, i u ogledima su potvrdile svoje osobine. Ove sorte imaju i visok sadržaj kvalitetnih proteina, a analogno ovome je i visok sadržaj glutena ali i kvalitet, što su potvrdila reološka merenja. Visoki prinosi ispitivanih sorata pšenice jesu rezultat interakcije genetičkog potencijala i primene dobre agrotehnike u uslovima kada raspored padavina u toku vegetacione sezone, od momenta setve do momenta žetve, nije pogodovao proizvodnji pšenice. Nakon obavljenih ispitivanja i ove godine sorte Talas i Pobeda svrstane su u A2 kvalitetnu grupu, odnosno to su sorte dobrog kvaliteta brašna i hleba i kao takve spadaju i u grupu poboljšivača. Sorte Merkur, Ratarica i Esperia svrstane su u B1 kvalitetnu grupu, tj. one su dobre hlebne sorte. Sorta NS 40 S i Balaton svrstane su u B2 kvalitetnu grupu. Sorta sa najlošijim kvalitetom i prinosom i ove godine je sorta Apač i svrstana je u C1 kvalitetnu grupu, što znači da mlinari i pekari moraju brašno ove sorte mešati sa brašnom sorata poboljšivača, da bi se dobio hleb zadovoljavajućeg kvaliteta

The percentage share of seed fractions in early maturity maize hybirds

Od frakcionog sastava semena zavisi tehnologija dorade. Uvođenje novih i poboljšanih rešenja u doradi hibridnog semena kukuruza doprinosi poboljšavanje osobina tog semena radi ispunjavanja agrotehničko-tehnoloških zahteva u proizvodnji merkantilnih useva. Cilj rada je da se utvrdi procentualno učešće četiri osnovne frakcije semena (sitno okrugla SO, sitno pljosnata-SP, srednjesitno okrugla-SSO, srednje sitno pljosnata-SSP) u sastavu semenskog materijala, njihovo variranje u odnosu na lokaciju proizvodnje i njihov uticaj na klijavost i energiju klijanja. Materijal koriščen u istraživanju su četiri genotipa iz FAO grupe 100 i 200, ZP196, ZP 209, ZP256 i ZP 260. Podela materijala na frakcije urađena je u laboratorijskim uslovima, kao i ocena energije i klijavosti semena. Rezultati su pokazali da je najzastupljenija frakcija kod tri hibrida SO (ZP196, ZP 209, ZP256), a kod četvrtog ZP 260 je SSO frakcija. Procenat zastupljenosti pojedinih frakcija kreće se od 14,9% za SSP frakciju do 54,3% za SSO frakciju. Ovaj procentualni odnos bitno se nemenja u odnosu na lokaciju proizvodnje. Klijavost i energija kod svih posmatranih hibrida i frakcija bila je visoka, iznad 90%. Veća odstupanja između energije i kljavosti semena zabeležena su jedino kod SSO frakcije semena. Analiza dobijenih rezultata ukazuje da se pravilnom tehnologijom dorade i poznavanjem odnosa frakcija hibrida koje uvodimo u proizvodnju omogućuje maksimalno koriščenje potencijala koje nam pruža genotip.Processing methods depend on the composition of seed fractions. The introduction of new and improved solutions in processing of hybrid maize seed contributes to the improvement of such seed in order to satisfy requirements of cropping and growing practices of commercial crop production. The objective of this study was to establish the percentage share of four basic seed fractions (SO, SP, SSO, SSP) in the seed material, their variation over production locations and their influence on 1000-kernel weight, germination and germination energy. Four genotypes of the FAO maturity groups 100 and 200 (ZP196, ZP 209, ZP256 and ZP 260) were used as the material in the study. Distribution of materials on fractions was performed in the laboratory, as well as the assessment of energy and seed germination. The results showed that the SO is most frequent fraction in three hybrids (ZP196, COP 209, ZP256), while SSO is most common in the fourth NG 260 CSF. The percentage share of certain fractions ranged from 14.9% for the SSP fraction to 54.3% for the CSF fraction. This percentage ratio does not change significantly in relation to the location of production. Germination and energy of all observed hybrids and fractions was high, over 90%. Larger discrepancies between energy and seed germination were recorded only at SSO seed fraction. Analysed results schow that the potential of a genotype will be maximally used, if the fraction ratios of hybrids introduced to the production is known and if the proper processing is applied

Процентуално учешће фракција семена у раним генотиповима хибридног кукуруза

Processing methods depend on the composition of seed fractions. The introduction of new and improved solutions in processing of hybrid maize seed contributes to the improvement of such seed in order to satisfy requirements of cropping and growing practices of commercial crop production. The objective of this study was to establish the percentage share of four basic seed fractions (SO, SP, SSO, SSP) in the seed material, their variation over production locations and their influence on 1000-kernel weight, germination and germination energy. Four genotypes of the FAO maturity groups 100 and 200 (ZP196, ZP 209, ZP256 and ZP 260) were used as the material in the study. Distribution of materials on fractions was performed in the laboratory, as well as the assessment of energy and seed germination. The results showed that the SO is most frequent fraction in three hybrids (ZP196, COP 209, ZP256), while SSO is most common in the fourth NG 260 CSF. The percentage share of certain fractions ranged from 14.9% for the SSP fraction to 54.3% for the CSF fraction. This percentage ratio does not change significantly in relation to the location of production. Germination and energy of all observed hybrids and fractions was high, over 90%. Larger discrepancies between energy and seed germination were recorded only at SSO seed fraction. Analysed results schow that the potential of a genotype will be maximally used, if the fraction ratios of hybrids introduced to the production is known and if the proper processing is applied

Efekat folijarne prihrane na produktivnost heljde (fagopyrum esculentum moench) u organskom sistemu gajenja

The study in organic farming system was conducted at the field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Bački Petrovac (φN 45 ° 20 ‘, λE 19 ° 40’ 89 msl), during the 2013. year. Analysis of the average yield showed that varieties of NS buckwheat, Novosadska in the variant of nutrition, achieved a higher yield compared to the control variant. The average yield of NS buckwheat Novosadska, with foliar nutrition, amounted to 2.296 kg ha-1 In the variant of nutrition average yield were higher by 141 kg ha-1, or 6.34% compared to the control variant. The average plant weight was 32,30 g, plant height 175 cm and the average height of the first lateral branch was 16,61 cm. In control variant plants had significantly higher height of first lateral branches, compared to a model with nutrition, p lt 0.05. In the the variant of the nutrition of plant mass was higher than the control.Istraživanja u organskom sistemu gajenja sprovedena su na parcelama Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Bačkom Petrovcu (φN 45°20’, λE 19°40’, m.s.l. 89), tokom 2013. godine. Analiza prosečnih prinosa pokazala je da je sorta heljde Novosadska, u varijanti prihrane, ostvarila viši prinos u odnosu na kontrolnu varijanu. Prosečni prinosi zrna heljde za sortu Novosadska iznosili su 2.296 kg ha-1 U varijanti sa prihranom prinosi su bili viši za 141 kg odnosno za 6,34 % u odnosu na kontrolnu varijantu. Prosečna masa biljke iznosila je 32,30 g, visina biljke 175 cm a prosečna visina prve bočne grane iznosila je 16,61 cm. U kontrolnoj varijanti biljke su imale statistički značajno višu visinu prve bočne grane u odnosu na varijantu sa prihranom, p lt 0.05. U varijanti sa prihranom masa biljke bila je viša u odnosu na kontrolnu varijantu

Tolerantnost PKB hibrida kukuruza na sušu u 2012. godini

In this paper, the grain yield of maize commercial hybrids developed at the Institute PKB Agroekonomik. The tested hybrids from different maturity groups from FAO 200 to FAO 700th. Hybrids have been tested through a network makrodemonstracionih reflected in eight locations. In conditions of extremely dry periods followed by high air temperatures, what conditions were like in 2012. year, hybrids PKB Agroekonimik expressed a high degree of tolerance to drought stress factor at several sites in terms of production without irrigation. Domestic hybrids were created classical breeding methods in long-term multi-year test to stress factors. Results achieved in some localities justify route selection to preserve genetic biodiversity and its use in hybrids in extremely difficult conditions for maize production. Proper selection of hybrids for the production of a certain area represents 50% of good preconditions for achieving maximum yields, while the other 50% is done properly and timely cultural operations used.U radu je analiziran prinos zrna kukuruza komercijalnih hibrida stvorenih u Institutu PKB Agroekonomik. Ispitivani hibridi kukuruza pripadaju različitim grupama zrenja od FAO 200 do FAO 700. Hibridi kukuruza testirani su kroz mrežu makrodemonstracionih ogleda na osam lokaliteta. U uslovima izuzetno sušnog perioda praćenog visokim temperaturama vazduha, kakvi su bili uslovi tokom 2012. godine, hibridi kukuruza Instituta PKB Agroekonimik iskazali su visok stepen tolerantnosti na stresni faktor suše na nekoliko lokaliteta u uslovima proizvodnje bez navodnjavanja. Domaći hibridi stvoreni su klasičnim metodama selekcije u dugotrajnom višegodišnjem testiranju na stresne faktore. Rezultati ostvareni na pojedinim lokalitetima opravdavaju pravac selekcije u cilju očuvanja genetičkog biodiverziteta i njegovog korišćenja kroz stvorene hibride u uslovima izuzetno otežanim za proizvodnju kukuruza. Pravilan izbor hibrida za proizvodnju u određenom rejonu predstavlja 50% dobrog preduslova za ostvarivanje maksimalnih prinosa dok ostalih 50% pripada pravilno izvedenim i blagovremeno primenjenim agrotehničkim merama

PRODUKTIVNA SVOJSTVA HELJDE I UTICAJ SKLADIŠTENJA NA FUNKCIONALNO STANJE ZRNA

Za procenu promene kvaliteta uskladištenog zrna heljde, primenjen je tretman veštačkog starenja u cilju ubrzavanja tih procesa. Ispitivana su biološka, fizička i hemijska svojstva zrna. Za ovu studiju, poljski ogled je postavljen u Topoli na zemljištu tipa smonica, po slučajnom blok sistemu u tri ponavljanja, sa veličinom parcela 120m2 tokom proizvodne 2022. godine. Ovu godinu obeležili su nepovoljni uslovi za proizvodnju heljde što je uticalo na prosečan prinos koji je iznosio 1,86 t ha-1. Nakon tri meseca skladištenja, klijavost zrna je smanjena za 6,6%, masa 1000 zrna za 0,81%, dužina zrna za 0,37%, širina za 0,22% i debljina za 0,59%. Ispitani parametri hemijskih svojstava su sniženi tokom skladištenja, sa izuzetkom sadržaja pepela, čija je vrednost povećana za oko 30%. Sadržaj vlage je smanjen sa 10,21% na 9,09%, proteina sa 12,1 na 11,46%, a lipida sa 3,09 na 2,78%. Vrednost pH se smanjila sa 6,74 na 6,63, a ukupna alkoholna kiselost sa 1,35 na 1,18. Rezultati ovih istraživanja mogu biti od koristiti opemenjivačima u procesu razvoja novih, poboljšanih sorti heljde, kao i prerađivačima koji za svoje proizvode koriste ovu sirovinu

Humus content in Serbia to the mapping investigated pitch

Soil is one of the most important resources of each state. The research in this study was conducted in order to preserve this very important resource. Humic substances have a positive effect of water-air maintenance and total biological properties of the soil which have a direct impact on plant nutrition and and in the first place on the nutrition of plants with nitrogen. Humus content is the basic parameter of soil fertility. The paper analyzes humus content of 21 localities in central Serbia. Total is examined 5.313 samples. Results on humus content indicate that there are soils from insufficiently humus to extremely humus. In 92% of the examined soil samples are weak and medium humus, 7% of the soil is very humus a only 1% insufficiently humus