Positive Parenting Program (3P) Can Reduce Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Mothers Who Have Children with ADHD

Introduction: Behavioral disorder is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders among children. It can affect the psychological and social functions of all members of the family. This study has been caring out with the aim of determining the effect of positive parenting program (3P) on depression, anxiety, and stress level of mothers who had children suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Methods: The design of current study was a single group semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test. Samples had been chosen with convenient sampling from mothers who had children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder referring to Andishe No clinic (Tehran/ Iran). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children confirmed by The Revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R) and interview by a psychiatrist. Then, depression, anxiety, and stress level of 53 mothers had been investigated with DASS-21and 18 of them were chosen (6 mothers dropped out due to different reasons). Then, the group received Triple-p training for 8 weekly sessions each lasted 120 minutes and 12 mothers were retested after finishing the sessions. Data obtained from this study were analyzed using paired sample T-test in SPSS 21 software.Results: The results indicated significantly lower levels of depression (p<0.001), anxiety, and stress (p<0.05) in the post test.Conclusion: The results of this research suggest that positive parenting program can effectively lead to prevention or decline secondary problems such as depression and anxiety disorders in mothers who have children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Methamphetamine abuse in former opiates addicts currently in

 Background: To measure suspected abuse of the methamphetamine (MA) among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients in Tehran, we studied all 206 patients who were admitted to MMT program from 2009 to 2015 to Andishe-No addiction treatment clinic. Methods: MA presence was screened in one of the random urine samples routinely taken for tests of other drugs. Results: 70 (34.3%) patients were positive for MA. A logistic regression (multivariate analyses) demonstrated that the MA abusers were more likely to be opiate abusers and less likely to be married. Conclusion: The high prevalence of MA abuse found in our patients which was rather higher than the rate of MA abuse before treatment entrance. The high rate of MA abuse in Iran needs future study Declaration Interest: None

The effects of positive parenting program (Triple P) on parenting styles and the attitude towards strengths and difficulties of the child

Introduction: The present study gives an account of the effects of Triple P, positive parenting program, on parenting styles as well as the attitude towards strengths and difficulties of the child. Methods: This study is a clinical trial, which sets out to explore the effects of psychiatric disorders on 30 parents – parents of teenagers being admitted to Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran – based on the diagnosis of child psychiatrist, teenagers with psychiatric disorders were studied in two groups: trial and control. Positive parenting program i.e. Triple P sessions were held for the trial group while the control group received usual clinical services. Results: Based on the results of the present study, after holding 3P sessions, Baumrind`s parenting styles scores show some improvement in comparison with previous test scores; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.167). The overall score of the child`s strengths and difficulties questionnaire, that was completed by the parents, represents a statistically significant difference (p=0.02) between the test scores before and after the intervention.  Conclusion: It is important to note that positive parenting interventions can improve and, at the same time, change parenting styles. Moreover, Triple P can change parents` attitudes concerning the strengths and difficulties of the child, not to mention improving their parenting styles. Our results are consistent with those of similar studies on children. Declaration of Interest: Non

An Empirical Study of the Cut-Off Point for the Iranian Version of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)

Background: AUDIT is constructed to be able to identify hazardous drinking and less severe alcohol-related problems. The original AUDIT was shown to have a cut-off score of 8 and above for identifying hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to establish the optimal cut-off point of the Persian version of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in psychiatric out-patients. Methods: Participants were a sample of consecutive patients at Imam Hossein Hospital (Tehran/Iran). They consisted of 99 patients, 49 of them diagnosed with alcohol dependency and 50 patients randomly selected from a sample of patients using alcohol but with other primary diagnoses. All statistics including means and standard deviations as well as medians and interquartile range were calculated in SPSS 24 software environment. Results: A Receiver Operating Curve analysis showed that by using a 20-point cut-off, the AUDIT had an optimal combination of sensitivity (.92) and specificity (.74). The rate of discrimination was .88. Conclusions: Given the high sensitivity and acceptable specificity of the AUDIT, the test can be used as an effective instrument for identification of alcohol use disorders in the Persian psychiatric out-patient population. Furthermore, the receiver operating curve found in this study resembles the one found in previous studies despite the differences in alcohol cultures between Iran and countries with higher alcohol consumption

Psychometric properties of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and prevalence of alcohol use among Iranian psychiatric outpatients

Abstract Background Iran is a developing and Islamic country where the consumption of alcoholic beverages is banned. However, psychiatric disorders and alcohol use disorders are often co-occurring. We used the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use and examined the psychometric properties of the test among psychiatric outpatients in Teheran, Iran. Methods AUDIT was completed by 846 consecutive (sequential) patients. Descriptive statistics, internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were used to analyze the prevalence of alcohol use, reliability and construct validity. Results 12% of men and 1% of women were hazardous alcohol consumers. Internal reliability of the Iranian version of AUDIT was excellent. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the construct validity and the fit of previous factor structures (1, 2 and 3 factors) to data were not good and seemingly contradicted results from the explorative principal axis factoring, which showed that a 1-factor solution explained 77% of the co-variances. Conclusions We could not reproduce the suggested factor structure of AUDIT, probably due to the skewed distribution of alcohol consumption. Only 19% of men and 3% of women scored above 0 on AUDIT. This could be explained by the fact that alcohol is illegal in Iran. In conclusion the AUDIT exhibited good internal reliability when used as a single scale. The prevalence estimates according to AUDIT were somewhat higher among psychiatric patients compared to what was reported by WHO regarding the general population