Concealed passives and the syntax and semantics of need/philyo in English and Korean

Despite similar argument structure, the syntax of English need and Korean philyo contrasts, illuminating differences in lexical derivation and insertion of argument-taking elements. Verbs need, require, deserve, want, and bear take gerundive complements that are "understood passively" (Jesperson 1927/1954:112[9.23]) and called concealed passive constructions (CPCs) (Huddleston and Pullum 2002:1429). In this paper, we argue that in English, the gerund CPC object of need is a lexically passivized V that takes a nominalizing derivational -ing affix, whereas in Korean, the CPC object of philyo is a verbal noun, directly inserted as a complement of the verb without derivation

Morphosyntactic form of Korean fragments is relevant to their resolution

We offer evidence for a structural identity constraint between a fragment and the structurally parallel position in the antecedent (which we term correspondent here). We ask if there is a preference for morphosyntactic match (generally in terms of syntactic category, but in terms of case marking in the Korean data discussed here) between a fragment and its correspondent. This question follows from the idea that in order to interpret fragments, the parser directly accesses content-addressable representations stored in memory, using as retrieval cues the linguistic information that fragments provide. We explore this preference using experimental data from Korean. In three acceptability judgment experiments, we demonstrate that (1) morphosyntactic match between fragments and correspondents is favored over mismatch, (2) the acceptability of mismatch is directional, favoring fragments that are morphosyntactically less complex than correspondents over the reverse, and (3) caseless fragments are degraded when paired with implicit correspondents compared to explicit ones

Effects of Lowering Dialysate Calcium Concentrations on Arterial Stiffness in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We assessed changes in hemodynamic and arterial stiffness parameters following reductions of dialysate calcium concentrations in patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: In this prospective study, 20 patients on maintenance hemodialysis (10 females, 10 males) with dialysate calcium concentrations of 1.75 mmol/L were enrolled. At the start of the study, the dialysate calcium level was lowered to 1.50 mmol/L. Serial changes in biochemical, hemodynamic, and arterial stiffness parameters, including pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx), were assessed every 2 months for 6 months. We also examined changes in the calcification-inhibitory protein, serum fetuin-A. RESULTS: During the 6-month study period, serum total calcium and ionized calcium decreased consistently (9.5 ± 1.0 to 9.0 ± 0.7, p = 0.002 vs. 1.3 ± 0.1 to 1.1 ± 0.1, p = 0.035). Although no apparent changes in blood pressure were observed, heart-femoral PWW (hf-PWV) and AIx showed significant improvement (p = 0.012, 0.043, respectively). Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a significant effect of lowering dialysate calcium on hf-PWV (F = 4.58, p = 0.004) and AIx (F = 2.55, p = 0.049). Accompanying the change in serum calcium, serum fetuin-A levels significantly increased (95.8 ± 45.8 pmol/mL at baseline to 124.9 ± 82.2 pmol/mL at 6 months, p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: Lowering dialysate calcium concentration significantly improved arterial stiffness parameters, which may have been associated with upregulation of serum fetuin-A.ope

Morphosyntactic form of Korean fragments is relevant to their resolution

We offer evidence for a structural identity constraint between a fragment and the structurally parallel position in the antecedent (which we term correspondent here). We ask if there is a preference for morphosyntactic match (generally in terms of syntactic category, but in terms of case marking in the Korean data discussed here) between a fragment and its correspondent. This question follows from the idea that in order to interpret fragments, the parser directly accesses content-addressable representations stored in memory, using as retrieval cues the linguistic information that fragments provide. We explore this preference using experimental data from Korean. In three acceptability judgment experiments, we demonstrate that (1) morphosyntactic match between fragments and correspondents is favored over mismatch, (2) the acceptability of mismatch is directional, favoring fragments that are morphosyntactically less complex than correspondents over the reverse, and (3) caseless fragments are degraded when paired with implicit correspondents compared to explicit ones

Monitoring of self-healing in concrete with micro-capsules using a combination of air-coupled surface wave and computer-vision techniques

This study mainly aims to investigate the applicability of the combination of air-coupled surface-wave and computer-vision techniques to the evaluation of self-healing in in situ concrete members. Small-scale beam specimens were made from ordinary concrete and concretes with solid- and liquid-type capsules; the capsules were employed as self-healing agents. To monitor the crack healing progress, surface-wave tests using an air-coupled transducer and contact receivers were conducted on each specimen in uncracked, cracked, and healed conditions after 7, 14, 28, and 63 days of water immersion. Additionally, a computer-vision technique involving image binarization and registration was applied to measure high-resolution crack information. The specimens containing the micro-capsules showed superior healing performance compared to the ordinary concrete specimens. After 63 days of self-healing, the spectral energy transmission ratio increased up to about 80% of the uncracked, while the crack area decreased up to about 94% of the fully cracked. The healing rate was estimated using the change in spectral energy transmission ratio strongly correlated with that estimated using the change in crack area

Single-electron MOS memory with a defined quantum dot based on conventional VLSI technology

The room temperature-operation of a single-electron metal-oxide- semiconductor (MOS) memory with a defined quantum dot fabricated by sidewall patterning technique based on conventional VLSI technologies has been demonstrated without the aid of electron beam (EB) lithography for the first time. Sidewall patterning technique shows a good uniformity and controllability as well as high throughput. The fabricated memory devices show quantized threshold voltage shifts at room temperature. Time-dependant measurement of drain current shows discrete electron injection to the quantum dot. In addition, fabricated devices have good subthreshold swing and retention characteristicsclose4

Complementary self-biased logics based on single-electron transistor (SET)/CMOS hybrid process

We propose a complementary self-biasing method which enables the single-electron transistor (SET)/complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) hybrid multi-valued logics (MVLs) to operate well at high temperatures, where the peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of the Coulomb oscillation markedly decreases. The new architecture is implemented with a few transistors by utilizing the phase control capability of the sidewall depletion gates in dual-gate single-electron transistors (DGSETs). The suggested scheme is evaluated by a SPICE simulation with an analytical DGSET model. Furthermore, we have developed a new process technology for the SET/CMOS hybrid systems. We have confirmed that both of the fabricated devices, namely, SET and CMOS transistors, exhibit the ideal characteristics for the complementary self-biasing scheme: the SET shows clear Coulomb oscillations with a 100mV period and the CMOS transistors show a high voltage gainclose3

Realistic Single-Electron Transistor Modeling and Novel CMOS/SET Hybrid Circuits

A practical single electron transistor (SET) model has been proposed with appropriate modifications to the previous analytical model. We have observed that non-ideal SET current behaviors such as turn-off and peak-to-valley ratio (PVCR) degradation is successfully reproduced by the new SET model. Based on the realistic SET model, we have developed a novel circuit scheme which enhances the stability of CMOS/SET hybrid logic. It is demonstrated that a universal literal gate with complementary self-biasing scheme operates quite well at high temperature in which the peak-to-valley current ratio of Coulomb oscillation degrades severely