Association between clinical characteristics and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes.

*<p>Logistic regression model adjusted for all variables in the table.</p><p>CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio.</p

Socio-epidemiologic characteristics and gender differences of patients with type 2 diabetes.

<p>Socio-epidemiologic characteristics and gender differences of patients with type 2 diabetes.</p

<i>Erythropoietin</i> and <i>glucose transporter-1</i> gene expression in isolated primary cardiomyocytes in response to hypoxia.

<p>Isolated rat cardiomyocyte cultures were subjected to basal normoxic conditions and/or hypoxia (1% O₂) for 24 hours. <i>Epo</i> (A) and <i>Glut1</i> (B) expression was then analyzed by RT-PCR and normalized to that of <i>Hprt</i>. The data from four independent experiments are expressed as the change relative to the normoxic values. Statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed paired t-test (*, p<0.05).</p

<i>Vhl</i> and <i>Hif1α</i> gene expression in tamoxifen-fed Vhl^floxed-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 and Hif1α^floxed-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 mice.

<p>(A) Vhl^wt-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 (n = 3), Vhl^floxed (n = 6) and Vhl^floxed-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 (n = 6) mice were placed on a tamoxifen diet for ten days followed by ten additional days on a normal diet. Gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR in the tissues indicated, the expression of the <i>Vhl</i> gene was normalized to that of <i>Hprt</i> and it was expressed as the change relative to Vhl^floxed mice. (B) Tamoxifen intake was measured over the 10 days of tamoxifen administration in Vhl^wt-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 (n = 3), Vhl^floxed (n = 6) and Vhl^floxed-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 (n = 6) mice. (C,E) Hif1α^wt-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 (n = 4), Hif1α^floxed (n = 3) and Hif1α^floxed-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 (n = 5) mice were administered tamoxifen as indicated above. <i>Hif1α</i> (C) or <i>Vhl</i> (E) gene expression was normalized to that of <i>Hprt</i> and expressed as the change relative to Hif1α^floxed mice. (D) Tamoxifen intake in Hif1α^wt-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 (n = 4), Hif1α^floxed (n = 3) and Hif1α^floxed-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 (n = 5) mice was measured as in B. Total intake per day was expressed relative to the body weight at the end of the tamoxifen treatment and the values represent the mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed Student's t-test, (*, p<0.05; **, p<0.01) when comparing Vhl^wt-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 or Hif1α^wt-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 with Vhl^floxed-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 or Hif1α^floxed-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 respectively; (^##, p<0.01) when comparing Vhl^floxed or Hif1α^floxed with Vhl^floxed-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 or Hif1α^floxed-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 respectively.</p

Gross appearance of tamoxifen-fed Vhl^floxed-Cre-ERT2 mice.

<p>(A) Vhl^wt-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 (n = 3), Vhl^floxed (n = 9) and Vhl^floxed-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 (n = 10) mice were administered tamoxifen as indicated in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0022589#pone-0022589-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a> and the spleen/body weight ratio was then determined. Statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed Student's t-test (*, p<0.05; **, p<0.01). Representative images of spleens (B), snouts (C) and paws (D) of Vhl^floxed-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 and control Vhl^floxed mice are shown.</p

Association between clinical characteristics and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes.

*<p>Logistic regression model adjusted for all variables in the table.</p><p>CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio.</p

<i>Erythropoietin</i> and <i>glucose transporter-1</i> gene expression in HL-1 cardiomyocyte cell line in response to activation of the oxygen-sensing HIF pathway.

<p>(A,B,C) HL-1 cells were transfected with a siRNA for <i>Hif1α</i> (siHIF1α) or a scrambled siRNA control (siSCR) and 24 hours after transfection, the cells were exposed to normoxic or hypoxic (1% O₂) conditions. The expression of <i>Epo</i>, <i>Glut1</i> and <i>Hif1α</i> was measured as described above and the data from three independent experiments are expressed as the change relative to the normoxic values. Statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed Student's t-test (*, p<0.05).</p

Body weight during and after tamoxifen diet administration in Vhl^floxed-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 and control mice.

<p>Body weight of Vhl^wt-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 (n = 3), Vhl^floxed-UBC-Cre-ER^T2 (n = 6) control Vhl^floxed (n = 6) mice was measured before tamoxifen treatment (TFX 0d), at the end of 10 days on a tamoxifen diet (TFX 10d) and one day after returning to a normal diet (N +1d). Statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed Student's t-test, (*, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ns, no significant differences).</p

Argentina-Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (Arg-ADNI): neuropsychological evolution profile after one-year follow up

<div><p>ABSTRACT The Argentina-Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (Arg-ADNI) study is a longitudinal prospective cohort of 50 participants at a single institution in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Longitudinal assessments on a neuropsychological test battery were performed on 15 controls, 24 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and 12 Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia patients. In our study population, there was a high prevalence of positive AD biomarkers in the AD group, 92.3% (12/13); and a low prevalence in the normal controls, 20%; almost half (48%) of the patients diagnosed with MCI had positive amyloid detection. After a one year, the significant differences found at baseline on neuropsychological testing were similar at the follow-up assessment even though the AD group had significantly altered its functional performance (FAQ and CDR). The exception was semantic fluency, which showed greater impairment between the AD group and MCI and normal controls respectively. For these tests, the addition of AD biomarkers as a variable did not significantly alter the variations previously found for the established clinical group's model. Finally, the one-year conversion rate to dementia was 20% in the MCI cohort.</p></div