BIOFERTILIZANTE PARA A CULTURA DO COENTRO-COMUM (Coriandrum sativum) UTILIZANDO RESÍDUO DO PROCESSAMENTO DA MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta)

Manipueira is a cassava processing residue with a polluting potential, and it is crucial to find alternatives for its disposal and reuse. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of this residue as a biofertilizer, through the fertirrigation method, in the culture of common coriander (C. sativum). The research took place through the dilution of manipueira in water in 9 concentrations, from 10% to 90%; in addition, there was the conservation of samples with 0%, containing only water, and 100%, containing pure manipueira. The results showed that coriander seeds fertirrigated with solutions above 70% presented larval emergence in the soil after the 18th day; Another important piece of data is that on the 20th day, the death of all specimens fertirrigated with solutions above 30% was observed, this fact being preceded by leaf stunting (solutions above 80%) and yellowing of leaves. These data can be explained by the soil sodification process (pH > 8.5), which occurred in these samples. Furthermore, all samples did not stabilize the pH within the optimal zone for most cultures (between 5.5 and 7.0), which may explain the death of the specimens on the 25th day. That said, the environmental impact of manipueira on the germination process and botanical development is reinforced, which reiterates the importance of research that aims to find alternatives for the reuse of this residue. Thus, it is necessary to deepen research and even expand the range of cultures tested in each dilution.La manipueira es un residuo del procesamiento de la yuca con potencial contaminante, y es fundamental encontrar alternativas para su disposición y reutilización. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el potencial de este residuo como biofertilizante, por el método de fertirrigación, en el cultivo de cilantro común (C. sativum). La investigación se realizó a través de la dilución de manipueira en agua en 9 concentraciones, del 10% al 90%; además, hubo conservación de muestras con 0%, conteniendo sólo agua, y 100%, conteniendo pura manipueira. Los resultados mostraron que las semillas de cilantro fertirrigadas con soluciones superiores al 70% presentaron emergencia larval en el suelo a partir del día 18; Otro dato importante es que al día 20 se observó la muerte de todos los ejemplares fertirrigados con soluciones superiores al 30%, siendo este hecho precedido por atrofia foliar (soluciones superiores al 80%) y amarillamiento de las hojas. Estos datos pueden ser explicados por el proceso de sodificación del suelo (pH > 8.5), que ocurrió en estas muestras. Además, todas las muestras no estabilizaron el pH dentro de la zona óptima para la mayoría de los cultivos (entre 5,5 y 7,0), lo que puede explicar la muerte de los especímenes al día 25. Dicho esto, se refuerza el impacto ambiental de la manipueira en el proceso de germinación y desarrollo botánico, lo que reitera la importancia de investigaciones que tengan como objetivo encontrar alternativas para la reutilización de este residuo. Por lo tanto, es necesario profundizar en la investigación e incluso ampliar la gama de cultivos probados en cada dilución.A manipueira é um resíduo do processamento da mandioca com potencial poluidor, sendo crucial encontrar alternativas para o seu descarte e reaproveitamento. O presente estudo objetivou averiguar o potencial desse resíduo como biofertilizante, através do método de fertirrigação, na cultura do coentro-comum (C. sativum). A pesquisa ocorreu através da diluição da manipueira em água em 9 concentrações, de 10% até 90%; além disso houve a conservação de amostras com 0%, contendo apenas água, e 100%, contendo manipueira pura. Os resultados mostraram que as sementes de coentro fertirrigadas com soluções acima de 70% apresentaram surgimento de larvas no solo após o 18° dia; outro dado importante é que no 20° dia foi constatada a morte de todos os espécimes fertirrigados com soluções acima de 30%, sendo esse fato precedido por atrofiamento foliar (soluções acima de 80%) e folhas amareladas. Esses dados podem ser explicados pelo processo de sodificação do solo (pH > 8,5), ocorrido nessas amostras. Além disso, todas as amostras não estabilizaram o pH dentro da zona ótima para a maioria das culturas (entre 5,5 e 7,0), o que pode explicar a morte dos espécimes no 25° dia. Dito isto, é reforçado o impacto ambiental da manipueira para o processo de germinação e desenvolvimento botânico, o que reitera a importância de pesquisas que objetivem encontrar alternativas para o reaproveitamento desse resíduo. Dessa forma, é preciso aprofundar as pesquisas e, inclusive, ampliar o leque de culturas testadas em cada diluição

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially