Lighting, well-being and work performance: A review of the literature

Commissioned White Paper Report for Philips International

Robust a posteriori error estimators for mixed approximation of nearly incompressible elasticity

This paper is concerned with the analysis and implementation of robust finite element approximation methods for mixed formulations of linear elasticity problems where the elastic solid is almost incompressible. Several novel a posteriori error estimators for the energy norm of the finite element error are proposed and analysed. We establish upper and lower bounds for the energy error in terms of the proposed error estimators and prove that the constants in the bounds are independent of the Lam\'{e} coefficients: thus the proposed estimators are robust in the incompressible limit. Numerical results are presented that validate the theoretical estimates. The software used to generate these results is available online.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figure

Comparing two attributional models of job performance in retail sales: A field study

Research investigating attributional style and job performance among sales staff has been limited by its focus on specific sales roles: notably selling insurance by telephone. Important questions therefore remain regarding the mechanism by which attributions influence job performance in sales roles more generally. This paper describes a field study comparing two attributional models of job performance: (1) a learned helplessness (LH) model, and (2) an achievement motivation (AM) model. Managers' performance ratings were collected for 452 retail sales assistants who completed a job-specific attribution questionnaire and a work-satisfaction questionnaire. Results indicate that sales assistants who made more internalcontrollable attributions for positive outcomes received higher performance ratings (r =.20, p<.01) and were more satisfied in their work (r =.12, p< .05). The findings provide support for an AM model of job performance among retail sales assistants. They suggest that more successful sales assistants proactively manage their environment in order to create opportunities for successful interactions with customers

"Trust me...": Psychological and behavioral predictors of perceived physician empathy

A sociocognitive model of distal and proximal predictors of empathic judgments was tested among 100 physicians. The authors hypothesized that physician perceived control would affect empathy ratings via physician communication style. Specifically, physicians with high perceived control would use more open communication and be rated as more empathic. Physicians with low perceived control would use a controlling communication style and be rated as less empathic. Physicians completed a medical attribution questionnaire prior to a structured patient consultation exercise, during which patients and assessors rated physician empathy. The exercise was audiotaped, transcribed, and content analyzed for verbal behaviors. Support was found for the hypotheses; however, patients, but not medical assessors, associated empathy with reassurance and provision of medical information

Modal Theory of Skin Effect in Single and Multiple Turn Coils

The skin effect in circularly symmetric structures is formulated in terms of an integral equation, which may be solved in terms of the normal modes of the corresponding integral equation eigenvalue problem. The necessary modal functions are computed numerically, using a simple discrete model of the coil. The modal series solution easily accounts for electrical excitation of the coil as for external magnetic fields. A comparison with so-called "direct" calculation methods, as well as with published experimental results, shows that the method is capable of good accuracy, while effecting substantial economies in computation