Chronic non-GT1-infected individuals are able to mount T-cell responses to GT1 epitopes.

<p>The SFU/million PBMCs are shown for subjects with known GT1 infection and non-GT1 infection. Although subjects may have responded to more than one peptide covering an epitope, in this figure only the highest response was used.</p

Breakdown of HLA-specific T-cell targets tested and number eliciting a T-cell response based on an IFN-γ ELISpot assay.

<p>Predicted T-cell targets include published HCV T-cell targets that contain a site associated with a specific HLA allele with the same restriction. Number in bracket indicates number of subjects tested that carry the particular HLA type.</p

Subject demographics and clinical data.

<p>* information unknown due to limited clinical history or lack of viraemic plasma sample</p><p>^{^} includes a single individual co-infected with GT1 and GT3 strains</p><p>^# predominately IDU and Tattoo</p><p>Subject demographics and clinical data.</p

Examples of likely GT-specific responses using ELISpot analysis.

<p>The two panels (A) and (B) represent GT1-epitopes that elicited responses from GT3-infected subjects. Peptides representing GT1 peptides tested in the original ELISpot screen and in a subsequent ELISpot with the alternative GT3 peptide(s). Original screen result is shown on the front row (grey) and subsequent ELISpot assay on the second row (black; mean SFU/10⁶ PBMCs from duplicates). Each panel represents data from a single subject.</p

Carriage of the T allele of rs12979860 is associated with clinical presentation of allergic disease.

<p>Proportion of infants in cohort 1 that are sensitised, have doctor-diagnosed atopic dermatitis, asthma or IgE-mediated food allergy at 1, 2.5 or 5 years of age, with C/C (n = 35, black bars) or C/T, T/T (n = 35, grey bars) genotype. OR = odds-ratio. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 versus age-matched C/C genotype.</p

IL-1B and TNF cytokine production with age in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals with C/C or C/T,T/T genotype stimulated with TLR agonists.

<p>Plots are scaled to span ∼90% of the data range. Differences between groups with p-values<0.05 are annotated: CB measures of rs12979860 genotype C/T, T/T vs C/C amongst females (*: P≤0.01) and males (#: P≤0.01); average linear trend of profiles of C/T,T/T vs C/C amongst females (†: P≤0.01, ††: P≤0.001) and males (‡: P≤0.01, ‡‡: P<0.001).</p

Gender differences in the association between carriage of the T allele of rs12979860 and allergic disease.

<p><b>a.</b> Interaction between gender and carriage of the T allele of rs12979860 for sensitization (top panel) and atopic dermatitis (bottom panel) in cohort 1 in individuals with C/C (n = 35, black bars) or C/T,T/T (n = 35, grey bars) genotype. *P<0.05 and **P<0.001 versus females with C/C genotype. <b>b.</b> Trends in sensitization (top panel) and atopic dermatitis (bottom panel) levels with age relative to rs12979860 genotype. *P<0.05 versus proportion of sensitised females with C/C genotype and †P<0.05 versus C/T,T/T genotype in females with atopic dermatitis. OR = odds ratio.</p

Variation at tagging SNP rs12979860 confers risk for allergic disease.

<p><b>a.</b> Carriage of the T allele of rs12979860 is over-represented in children with allergic disease (cohort 1, n = 70) (p = 0.004). This relationship is also observed for children with IgE-mediated food allergy (Cohort 2, n = 60) (p = 0.04 dominant model). For both cohorts, the frequency of the different genotypes varies between disease and control subjects (p = 0.02; cohort 1 and cohort 2). <b>b.</b> Odds ratio (OR; 95% CI) for carriage of T allele of rs12979860 and allergic disease and for HCV persistence. Odds ratio values for HCV cohorts are from di Iulio et al <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030607#pone.0030607-diIulio1" target="_blank">[20]</a> and Tillman et al <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030607#pone.0030607-Tillmann1" target="_blank">[28]</a>. ORs for allergic disease and food allergy adjusted for gender. ORs for HCV cohorts adjusted for HBV co-infection in all cohorts and gender in the multiple source cohort.</p

Principal components analysis of 1000 Genomes samples and study population.

<p>Eigenvectors 1 and 2 are plotted to determine racial decent and admixture of European and African Americans in the BioVU population. EA indicates European American (BioVU); AA, African American (BioVU); CEPH, 1000 Genomes Utah Residents; ASW, Americans of African Ancestry in Southwestern USA; MKK, Maasai in Kinyawa, Kenya; CHB, Han Chinese in Bejing, China; JPT, Japanese in Tokyo, Japan; LWK, Luhya in Webuye, Kenya; YRI, Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria.</p

Concordance rate and call rate for each imputation program.

<p>Concordance rate and call rate for each imputation program.</p