Emulsão e microemulsão: novos sistemas de liberação controlada

 A utilização de forma indiscriminada dos medicamentos veterinários não compromete apenas a eficiência, mas também elevam os custos dos tratamentos, independente da espécie animal. Diante da importância da indústria farmacêutica veterinária para a economia brasileira visando contribuir diretamente para manutenção da saúde e da produtividade animal, com essa revisão objetivou-se abordar sobre novos sistemas de liberação controlada de fármacos, especialmente as emulsões e microemulsões utilizadas no tratamento veterinário. As emulsões são misturas uniformes de pequenas partículas de uma substância num determinado fluído, no qual não é solúvel. Essas emulsões são dispersões coloidais formadas pelas fases dispersa e dispersante, além do agente emulsivo que contribui para estabilizar a emulsão. As microemulsões são sistemas homogêneos pouco viscosos e termodinamicamente estáveis. Apresentam dimensões variando entre a escala micrométrica e nanométrica, transparência ótica, capacidade de veicular fármacos hidrofílicos e lipofílicos, além de serem formadas facilmente pela mistura de seus componentes. Nos sistemas de liberação controlada de fármacos, mesmo utilizando pequenas quantidades de princípios ativos, ocorre uma otimização da ação do fármaco com consequente melhoria de sua biodisponibilidade e diminuição de sua toxicidade, além de facilitar sua administração. Finalizando, os sistemas de liberação controlada de fármacos, como as emulsões e as microemulsões, podem contribuir significativamente para a evolução da terapêutica veterinária por proporcionar o desenvolvimento de fármacos mais eficientes e atender as necessidades da indústria animal moderna

Performance of Commercial Laying Hen Submitted to Different Debeaking Methods

ABSTRACT Among the several factors required in breeding laying hens, debeaking is a factor that interferes with batch performance and affects animal welfare. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate three different debeaking procedures and to verify the best technique to be used. For this, the performance of the birds, the incidence of cannibalism, and in rearing phase, the quality of the eggs were evaluated. Dekalb White birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments, T1 (infrared radiation debeaking) T2 (hot blade debeaking) and T3 (V debeaking).The data was submitted to Analysis of Variance and compared by Tukey’s test (95%), using statistical software R. The frequencies of mortality and cannibalism were submitted to the Chi-Square test (Software R). It was observed that mortality was lower with IR debeaking in the breeding phase. Already in the rearing phase, the mortality was similar between the debeaking techniques and the cannibalism was null. The final mean weight (g), mean weight gain (g) and average daily weight gain in the rearing and egg quality variables were higher for V debeaking when compared to other techniques. It is concluded that V-debeaking provides better bird performance, resistance and shell thickness when compared to the infrared radiations and hot blade debeaking, in addition to subjecting the birds to less stress

Performance of Commercial Laying Hen Submitted to Different Debeaking Methods

<div><p>ABSTRACT Among the several factors required in breeding laying hens, debeaking is a factor that interferes with batch performance and affects animal welfare. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate three different debeaking procedures and to verify the best technique to be used. For this, the performance of the birds, the incidence of cannibalism, and in rearing phase, the quality of the eggs were evaluated. Dekalb White birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments, T1 (infrared radiation debeaking) T2 (hot blade debeaking) and T3 (V debeaking).The data was submitted to Analysis of Variance and compared by Tukey’s test (95%), using statistical software R. The frequencies of mortality and cannibalism were submitted to the Chi-Square test (Software R). It was observed that mortality was lower with IR debeaking in the breeding phase. Already in the rearing phase, the mortality was similar between the debeaking techniques and the cannibalism was null. The final mean weight (g), mean weight gain (g) and average daily weight gain in the rearing and egg quality variables were higher for V debeaking when compared to other techniques. It is concluded that V-debeaking provides better bird performance, resistance and shell thickness when compared to the infrared radiations and hot blade debeaking, in addition to subjecting the birds to less stress.</p></div