Suplementos alimentares para desempenho físico e composição corporal: condutas baseadas em evidências / Dietary supplements for physical performance and body composition: evidence-based approaches

Objetivo: indicar as principais evidências sobre os suplementos alimentares, utilizados como recursos na melhoria do desempenho físico e da composição corporal. Método: revisão de ensaios clínicos randomizados, a partir das bases de dados Pubmed e SciELO. Foram considerados artigos que apresentavam resultados sobre Nutrição e composição corporal, assim como sobre a influência da Nutrição no desempenho físico. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada, antes dos resultados serem incluídos na revisão. Além das evidências científicas indicadas, recomendações atualizadas dos principais Guidelines de Nutrição, no contexto da atividade física, foram consideradas. Resultados: as evidências indicaram recomendações diárias para suplementos preparados com as proteínas do soro do leite, aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada, creatina, cafeína, bicarbonato de sódio, beta-alanina, nitrato e vitaminas e minerais. Indicaram as principais relações com modulação da composição corporal e melhora da performance, tanto em atividades aeróbicas quanto em anaeróbicas. Os suplementos antioxidantes com objetivo de recuperação muscular, após atividade física, não indicaram uma relação clara, sendo considerados inconclusivos, ainda. Conclusão: suplementos alimentares podem auxiliar no desempenho físico e nas mudanças da composição corporal, mas avaliar o estado nutricional é importante, para que esses recursos ergogênicos possam contribuir de forma significativa. Há, ainda, a necessidade de novas orientações científicas, que apoiem a prática baseada na ciência

Cellular and Molecular Immunology Approaches for the Development of Immunotherapies against the New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Challenges to Near-Future Breakthroughs

The severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), termed COVID-19, has been highlighted as the most important infectious disease of our time, without a vaccine and treatment available until this moment, with a big impact on health systems worldwide, and with high mortality rates associated with respiratory viral disease. The medical and scientific communities have also been confronted by an urgent need to better understand the mechanism of host-virus interaction aimed at developing therapies and vaccines. Since this viral disease can trigger a strong innate immune response, causing severe damage to the pulmonary tract, immunotherapies have also been explored as a means to verify the immunomodulatory effect and improve clinical outcomes, whilst the comprehensive COVID-19 immunology still remains under investigation. In this review, both cellular and molecular immunopathology as well as hemostatic disorders induced by SARS-CoV-2 are summarized. The immunotherapeutic approaches based on the most recent clinical and nonclinical studies, emphasizing their effects for the treatment of COVID-19, are also addressed. The information presented elucidates helpful insights aiming at filling the knowledge gaps around promising immunotherapies that attempt to control the dysfunction of host factors during the course of this infectious viral disease

Higher Prevalence of Nonsense Pathogenic <i>DMD</i> Variants in a Single-Center Cohort from Brazil: A Genetic Profile Study That May Guide the Choice of Disease-Modifying Treatments

Dystrophinopathies are muscle diseases caused by pathogenic variants in DMD, the largest gene described in humans, representing a spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic creatine phosphokinase elevation to severe Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Several therapeutic strategies are currently in use or under development, each targeting different pathogenic variants. However, little is known about the genetic profiles of northeast Brazilian patients with dystrophinopathies. We describe the spectrum of pathogenic DMD variants in a single center in northeast Brazil. This is an observational, cross-sectional study carried out through molecular-genetic analysis of male patients diagnosed with dystrophinopathies using Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) followed by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based strategies. A total of 94 male patients were evaluated. Deletions (43.6%) and duplications (10.6%) were the most recurring patterns of pathogenic variants. However, small variants were present in 47.1% of patients, most of them nonsense variants (27.6%). This is the largest South American single-center case series of dystrophinopathies to date. We found a higher frequency of treatment-amenable nonsense single-nucleotide variants than most previous studies. These findings may have implications for diagnostic strategies in less-known populations, as a higher frequency of nonsense variants may mean a higher possibility of treating patients with disease-modifying drugs

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiva

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiv