Leadership Styles among Genders of Retail Managers

Themes that affect leadership have long aroused the interest of the academic community, especially regarding the categorization of the diverse forms of exercising this position and the impacts of these differences on the organizational environment. In this perspective, the interfering elements in the formation of the leader's style profile are also relevant, as the workforce is increasingly heterogeneous in terms of race, ethnicity, gender and other culturally diverse groups. However, segmentation of leadership styles is still observed exclusively by gender, which may give rise to spaces for the practice of prejudices and discrimination. In view of this, this work aims to identify the significant differences of styles of leadership between genders in the retail trade. To do so, a quantitative approach was carried out with a sample of 100 managers, male and female, self-reported by the participants, using the MLQ questionnaire from Bass, corroborated widely in several countries and populations. Data were treated using descriptive frequency statistics, as well as the Cronbach Alpha tests for reliability analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis for validity, and the T-Test for independent samples. The results indicate that the female gender has greater presence of the transformational leadership trait and the additional factors (extra effort, efficacy and satisfaction); and the transactional leadership styles and Laissez-Faire did not present significant difference of presence between the genders. Finally, this research demonstrates that there is evidence that scale is appropriate for different organizational cultures

Fear Heuristics in Forced Settlements and the Socio-Environmental Crisis

The heuristics of fear refers to the negative motivation which awakes as one responsible action, to adopte wise choice to do care with attention for life today and in future. The question to be answered is how is the ethical involvement regarding the social-environmental insecure in the settlement in Porto Velho at Nova Mutum Paraná? As argumentation, apply the U Theory and Eco-development Theory. The principal objective of this article is to analyze the heuristics of fear in a social system in the settlement established in Nova Mutum Paraná, City of Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil; and the specific objectives are the following: seek the cause-effect phenomenon of the fear in the social system in the Novo Mutum Paraná settlement (1); establish the social-environment responsibilities due to the settle (2); and indicate the possible convergence in perspective of the U Theory (3). Apply the study of cases method and its procedures. As consequence of the ethical implications of social-environmental unsafe in the settlement is delineated by the legal responsibility and the ethical responsibility. The innovation in the hyper-complexity of the system which causes eviction, deterritorialization requires the ability to operate from the deepest fields of social emergency and activates the sources of social fields. Should be adjusted (tuned) in every single involved, as following: open mind, open heart, and open goodwill; educate to be prudent with the heuristic of hope. This article will be the concern to researchers and other people involved on theoretical questions to delineate investigations about applied social sciences

Green Purchases and Sustainability in Amazon’s Coffee Management

This study was conceived in the cradle of the Brazilian Amazon region, on managerial and cognitive knowledge of the perspectives of sustainable management in coffee cultivation. The objective is to study the green purchasing process and sustainability in coffee management; (1), to map the factors that interfere in the green purchasing processes and sustainability in the researched scenario (2), propose the innovation required with participative management in the face of sustainability with green purchasing (3). With a base on Contingency theories of adaptive nature and emerging demands, Ecodevelopment interprets and performs compatible actions for sustainable local development, the U Theory confronts the problems and transforms them with innovative solutions. The Method of Study adopted is the Case study, of a qualitative nature, such as bibliographic survey procedures, data collection by semi-structured interviews with social actors of the coffee system, data analysis through triangulation and criticism with the theoretical framework and construction of the innovation sustainable development proposal. The result shows the lack of knowledge about green purchasing and the sustainability aspect of the practices used in the Global Coffee Platform. The quality work of the coffee farmers was evidenced in an individual form, but in order to meet the quantitative demands of the market, it is required the structural and leadership development for the construction of APL or agricultural cooperative. The mental design configured at the base of the productive chain needs to break paradigms that interfere in the sustainable posture, to understand the needs of the consumers and to emphasize their participation on the responsibility with the Amazon and the beneficiary society as a whole. We presented suggestions of innovation discussed from the gaps detected by the mapping of factors