SEM evaluation of the adhesive interface of a composite of single increment in deciduous teeth : a pilot study

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar, in vitro, através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura a interface adesiva de restaurações de resina composta realizadas em dentes decíduos. Duas técnicas restauradoras foram conduzidas: a de incremento único (Resina Composta Filtek Bulk Fill, 3M – ESPE), e a incremental (Resina Composta Filtek Z350 XT, 3M – ESPE), ambas sob a ação de um Sistema Adesivo Single Bond Universal (3M – ESPE). Os dentes foram seccionados longitudinalmente no centro da restauração, polidos, limpos e secos para que os espécimes pudessem ser copiados com material de moldagem à base de polivinilsiloxano. A partir do molde, foram obtidas as réplicas em resina epóxi. Em seguida, as réplicas foram fixadas em porta amostras metálicas e cobertas com ouro/paládio para fins de análise da interface adesiva por meio de um microscópio eletrônico de varredura (JSM - 5600LV-JEOL, Tokyo - Japan). As imagens obtidas foram analisadas em diferentes aumentos na interface dente/restauração e comparadas quanto à técnica e qualidade adesiva nos diferentes substratos, esmalte e dentina. Os resultados encontrados não apresentaram diferenças no quesito técnica, atestado por um melhor desempenho adesivo quando em esmalte, ao contrário da dentina, onde foi observada a presença de gaps. De acordo com o estudo piloto, pode-se concluir que restaurações de resina composta do tipo Bulk Fill apresentam desempenho similiar à resina composta convencional.This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, by scanning electron microscopy the adhesive interface of composite restorations in primary teeth. Two restorative techniques were carried out: a single increment (composite resin Filtek Bulk Fill, 3M - ESPE) and incremental (composite resin Filtek Z350 XT, 3M - ESPE), both with the action of a Adhesive System Single Bond Universal (3M - ESPE). The teeth were sliced longitudinally in the center of the restoration, polished, clean and dry so that the specimens could be copied with molding material to polyvinyl siloxane base. From the mold replicas were obtained with epoxy resin. Then, the replicas were fixed in a metal holder and covered samples with gold / palladium for analysis of the adhesive interface by means of a scanning electron microscope (JSM - 5600LV-JEOL, Tokyo - Japan). The images were analyzed in different increases in tooth interface / restoration and compared for technical and adhesive quality on different substrates, enamel and dentin. The results showed no differences in the technical aspect, certificate for best adhesive performance in enamel, but in dentin, where observed the presence of gaps. According to the pilot study, it can be concluded that composite restorations of the Bulk Fill type have similiar performance to conventional composite resin

SEM evaluation of the adhesive interface of a composite of single increment in deciduous teeth : a pilot study

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar, in vitro, através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura a interface adesiva de restaurações de resina composta realizadas em dentes decíduos. Duas técnicas restauradoras foram conduzidas: a de incremento único (Resina Composta Filtek Bulk Fill, 3M – ESPE), e a incremental (Resina Composta Filtek Z350 XT, 3M – ESPE), ambas sob a ação de um Sistema Adesivo Single Bond Universal (3M – ESPE). Os dentes foram seccionados longitudinalmente no centro da restauração, polidos, limpos e secos para que os espécimes pudessem ser copiados com material de moldagem à base de polivinilsiloxano. A partir do molde, foram obtidas as réplicas em resina epóxi. Em seguida, as réplicas foram fixadas em porta amostras metálicas e cobertas com ouro/paládio para fins de análise da interface adesiva por meio de um microscópio eletrônico de varredura (JSM - 5600LV-JEOL, Tokyo - Japan). As imagens obtidas foram analisadas em diferentes aumentos na interface dente/restauração e comparadas quanto à técnica e qualidade adesiva nos diferentes substratos, esmalte e dentina. Os resultados encontrados não apresentaram diferenças no quesito técnica, atestado por um melhor desempenho adesivo quando em esmalte, ao contrário da dentina, onde foi observada a presença de gaps. De acordo com o estudo piloto, pode-se concluir que restaurações de resina composta do tipo Bulk Fill apresentam desempenho similiar à resina composta convencional.This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, by scanning electron microscopy the adhesive interface of composite restorations in primary teeth. Two restorative techniques were carried out: a single increment (composite resin Filtek Bulk Fill, 3M - ESPE) and incremental (composite resin Filtek Z350 XT, 3M - ESPE), both with the action of a Adhesive System Single Bond Universal (3M - ESPE). The teeth were sliced longitudinally in the center of the restoration, polished, clean and dry so that the specimens could be copied with molding material to polyvinyl siloxane base. From the mold replicas were obtained with epoxy resin. Then, the replicas were fixed in a metal holder and covered samples with gold / palladium for analysis of the adhesive interface by means of a scanning electron microscope (JSM - 5600LV-JEOL, Tokyo - Japan). The images were analyzed in different increases in tooth interface / restoration and compared for technical and adhesive quality on different substrates, enamel and dentin. The results showed no differences in the technical aspect, certificate for best adhesive performance in enamel, but in dentin, where observed the presence of gaps. According to the pilot study, it can be concluded that composite restorations of the Bulk Fill type have similiar performance to conventional composite resin

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data