Spectrum of Pollen Stored by Melipona mandacaia (Smith, 1863) (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponini) in an Urban Arid Landscape

The objective of this study was to identify the species of pollen supplying plants that constitute the trophic niche of Melipona mandacaia in an urban area in the Caatinga domain (a tropical arid landscape). The collection of pollen in the colonies was carried out every 15 days, from October 2014 to September 2015. The pollen was removed directly from the storage pots in three distinct colonies. A total of 24 samples were analyzed and compared with the reference pollen collection, pollen catalogs and specialized literature. For the quantitative analysis, at least 1000 pollen grains per sample were identified. A total of 39 pollen types were identified, distributed in 17 botanical families, being one an indeterminate type. The most represented family was the Fabaceae (n = 16). The most frequent types were Leucaena leucocephala, Mimosa pudica and Melochia sp. There was a significant positive correlation between temperature and the number of pollen types throughout the study. Relative humidity and rainfall were abiotic variables that did not present a significant correlation. The rarefaction curve showed that probably most of the pollen types collected by the bees studied were sampled, since the accumulation curve showed a progressive tendency to stabilization, indicating that there was sample adequacy of the pollen types. The analysis of similarity revealed a high sharing of pollen sources between colonies

Characterization of Caatinga vegetation and diet of steers in the "Sertão" of Pernambuco, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição botânica, a disponibilidade e a qualidade da forragem e da dieta de animais fistulados alimentados na Caatinga, no período chuvoso, em Pernambuco. Avaliaram-se a composição botânica e a disponibilidade de fitomassa dos estratos herbáceo, arbustivo e arbóreo, nos meses de março e junho. A avaliação da qualidade da forragem foi feita por meio da análise bromatológica, realizada em todos os meses do período chuvoso. Foram encontradas 67 espécies, das quais 28 herbáceas, 20 arbustivas e 19 arbóreas. Destas, 19 foram encontradas na dieta dos animais. A disponibilidade de fitomassa do componente herbáceo variou de 1.369 kg ha-1 de matéria seca (MS), em março, para 452 kg ha-1 de MS em junho. A disponibilidade do estrato arbustivo aproximou-se do herbáceo, enquanto o componente arbóreo contribuiu com apenas 178 kg ha-1 de MS. Apesar de a disponibilidade de fitomassa ser relativamente alta, apenas uma pequena porcentagem do material encontrado pode ser considerada como forragem. Foi observada baixa digestibilidade da proteína, provavelmente em conseqüência do alto teor em lignina.The objective of this work was to evaluate the botanical composition, the availability and quality of the fodder and diet of fistulated animals fed in an area of Caatinga, during the rainy season, in Pernambuco State, Brazil. Evaluations of botanical composition and fodder availability of herbaceous, arbustive and arboreous extracts were made in March and June. Fodder quality evaluation was performed through chemical analysis during the wet period. Sixty-seven species were found: 28 herbaceous, 20 arbustive and 18 arboreal; from these species, 19 were found in the animals diet. The fitomass availability from the herbaceous component varied from 1,369 kg ha-1 of dry matter (DM) in March, to 452 kg ha-1 of DM in June. The availability of the arbustive extract layer was close to the herbaceous, while the arboreal component contributed with only 178 kg ha-1 of DM. Despite the relatively high fitomass availability, only a small percentage was considered as fodder from the material found. It was observed a low digestion of the protein, probably due to high levels of lignin

PANORAMA DA MORBIMORTALIDADE INFANTIL POR DESNUTRIÇÃO NO BRASIL

This article aims to analyze epidemiological data on hospitalizations for child malnutrition in Brazil, from 2018 to 2023. The data was filtered through the Hospital Information System (SIH), available at the SUS Information Technology Department (DATASUS) , to deepen the research, variables such as regions, year of service, age group and gender were selected. 25,266 hospitalizations for child malnutrition were identified in Brazil in the period from 2018 to 2023, the year 2022 had the highest prevalence among the others with 5,569 hospitalizations. There was also relevance in the Northeast region with 9,787, males with 12,779, and an age group less than one year old with 15,725 hospitalizations, which characterizes an alert for public health. From this perspective, it is mandatory that strategies are drawn up to reduce hospitalizations due to Child Malnutrition, encouraging childcare monitoring to monitor the integral and continuous development of children. In this way, we participate intensely in minimizing malnutrition and avoiding injuries such as deaths in this age group.Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar os dados epidemiológicos das internações por desnutrição infantil no Brasil, no recorte temporal de 2018 a 2023. Os dados foram filtrados por meio do Sistema  de  Informações  Hospitalares  (SIH), disponível  no  Departamento  de  Informática  do  SUS  (DATASUS), para aprofundar a pesquisa foram selecionados variáveis como regiões, ano de atendimento, faixa etária e sexo. Foram identificados 25.266 internações por desnutrição infantil no brasil no período de 2018  a 2023,  o ano de 2022 apresentou a maior prevalência entre os demais com 5.569 internações. Houve também, uma relevância na região Nordeste com 9.787, sexo masculino com 12.779, e uma faixa etária menor que um ano com 15.725 internações, o que caracteriza um alerta para a saúde publica. Nessa perspectiva, é imprescindível que estratégias sejam traçadas para redução das internações por Desnutrição Infantil, incentivo ao acompanhamento da puericultura para acompanhar o desenvolvimento integral e contínuo das crianças. Dessa forma, atuando intensamente na minimização da desnutrição e evitando os agravos como óbitos dessa faixa etária

GENETIC DIVERSITY IN ACCESSIONS OF Stylosanthes spp. USING MORPHOAGRONOMIC DESCRIPTORS

The great diversity of plants in the Brazilian Semiarid environment represents a vital natural resource for the human populations of these areas. Many of these plants have been subject to extractivism and among these, the species of the genus Stylosanthes , which have occurrence in this region, show great potential, however, studies on this topic are limited, and little is known about the existing variability among these plants. Therefore, further study is necessary, to facilitate the development of cultivars. This might reduce the scarcity of fodder supply in this region, but to commence a plant breeding programme, it is essential to identify genetic variability. Therefore, this study evaluated 25 accessions of Stylosanthes spp., to identify the most suitable candidates to be parents in a plant breeding programme for the semiarid region of the state of Bahia. Two experiments were carried out in different sites in an experimental design of randomized blocks with four replicates, with a spacing of 3.0 × 8.0 m. A large amount of genetic diversity was observed among accessions and the genotypes BGF 08 - 007, BGF 08 - 016, BGF 08 - 015 and BGF 08 - 021 were the most divergent in the overall evaluation. For the structuring of segregating populations, it is recommended to combine the genotypes BGF 08 - 016, BGF 08 - 015, BGF 08 - 007 and BGF 08 - 006, and for the interspecific crosses, a hybrid from the accession BGF - 024 with the accessions BGF 08 - 016 or BGF 08 - 015. This might generate superior individuals for mass descriptors, which are the most important for animal forage breeding

Spectrum of Pollen Stored by Melipona mandacaia (Smith, 1863) (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponini) in an Urban Arid Landscape

The objective of this study was to identify the species of pollen supplying plants that constitute the trophic niche of Melipona mandacaia in an urban area in the Caatinga domain (a tropical arid landscape). The collection of pollen in the colonies was carried out every 15 days, from October 2014 to September 2015. The pollen was removed directly from the storage pots in three distinct colonies. A total of 24 samples were analyzed and compared with the reference pollen collection, pollen catalogs and specialized literature. For the quantitative analysis, at least 1000 pollen grains per sample were identified. A total of 39 pollen types were identified, distributed in 17 botanical families, being one an indeterminate type. The most represented family was the Fabaceae (n = 16). The most frequent types were Leucaena leucocephala, Mimosa pudica and Melochia sp. There was a significant positive correlation between temperature and the number of pollen types throughout the study. Relative humidity and rainfall were abiotic variables that did not present a significant correlation. The rarefaction curve showed that probably most of the pollen types collected by the bees studied were sampled, since the accumulation curve showed a progressive tendency to stabilization, indicating that there was sample adequacy of the pollen types. The analysis of similarity revealed a high sharing of pollen sources between colonies