Performance Evaluation of Heterogeneous Networks for Various Applications Using OPNET Modeller

Wireless networking is an attractive networking solution due to its flexibility, mobility and ease of installation without damaging the furnishing of buildings (this factor play most important role in situations where buildings are of higher heritage importance).Wireless networks such as WLAN, WIMAX, UMTS etc are growing rapidly and there is a strong need to support multimedia applications. Wireless networks are becoming more and more popular in recent years from digital cellular telephony up to satellite broadcasting. With the increasing demand and wireless services, users of wireless networks now expect Quality of Service (QoS) and performance comparable fixed networks. Internetworking of network is done to support 4G and provide a boon to next generation wireless communication system. It also provide anywhere anytime connectivity to users as mobile moves from one place to another. Also Providing QoS requirements like good throughput and minimum access delay are challenging tasks. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150610

Performance Evaluation of MANET with Various Routing Protocols for different Applications

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes, that forms on the fly a temporary wireless network in a self organizing way, without established infrastructure .In MANET, the messages are exchanged over a direct wireless link or including one or over a sequence of wireless links through intermediate nodes. For this purpose, routing protocols are required. In this paper we have evaluated the performance of MANET with various routing protocols such as AODV, DSR, OLSR, TORA and GRP. The simulation is done for various applications and the performance of all the protocols is compared in the terms of load, throughput, delay, traffic sent, traffic received etc. The number of mobile nodes is also varied to analyze the performance of these routing protocols. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15067

Performance Comparison of MADM Algorithms for Network Selection in Heterogeneous Networks

Vertical handover is a need of present era of heterogeneous networks comprising different network technologies. Lot of quality of service (QoS) parameters, user�s preferences, network conditions and other parameters participate in selection of appropriate network among available networks. This multi- criteria nature of vertical handover verifiesapplicability of multiple attribute decision making (MADM) algorithms to be used for network selection in heterogeneous networks. In this work, six MADM algorithms SAW, MEW, TOPSIS, GRA, AHP and VIKOR have been implemented. Performance of these algorithms has beenanalyzed for handover latency,number of handovers and optimum network selection. It was concluded that VIKOR algorithm is able to provide compromised solution in the light of these parameters

High Pressure and Micro-spectroscopic Studies of Single Living Erythrocytes and the Intraerythrocytic Multplication Cycle of Plasmodium Falciparum

A novel experimental approach for micro-absorption spectroscopy and high-pressure microscopy of single cells is developed and applied to the investigation of morphological, volume, and spectroscopic changes in healthy red blood cells (RBCs) and erythrocytes infected with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Through real-time optical imaging of individual erythrocytes (size ~ 7[micrometer]) we determine the change in volume over the pressure range from 0.1 to 210 MPa. The lateral diameter of healthy RBCs decreases reversibly with pressure with an approximate slope of 0.015 [micrometer] / MPa. In infected cells, clear differences in the deformability and between the compression and decompression curves are observed. The results are discussed with respect to the elasticity of the phospholipid membrane and the spectrin molecular network. Employing micro-absorption spectroscopy with spatial resolution of 1.4 [micrometer] in the lateral and 3.6 [micrometer] in the axial direction the visible absorption spectrum of hemoglobin in a single red blood cell is measured under physiological conditions. The spectra of cells infected with the malaria parasite show changes in peak positions and relative intensities in the Soret and [alpha]- and [beta]- bands. These indicate hemoglobin degradation that can be correlated with the stages of the parasite multiplication cycle and can be used as a potential diagnostic marker. The research is further extended towards the understanding of pressure effects on the ligand binding kinetics to heme proteins. For a well characterized reaction at ambient pressure, CO binding to myoglobin in solution, we investigate the transient absorption following laser flash photolysis over eight decades in time at variable pressure and temperature. The data demonstrate that pressure significantly affects the amplitudes (not just the rates) of the component processes. The amplitude of the geminate process increases with pressure corresponding to a smaller escape fraction of ligands into the solvent and a smaller inner barrier

Energy Efficient Network Selection in Heterogeneous Network using TOPSIS

Due to integration of heterogeneous wireless technology demand of seamless communication is increases. Various approaches have been proposed for network selection in vertical handoff. Here we propose a new energy efficient network selection algorithm by considering three networks (CDMA, WIMAX &WLAN) for network selection .In this work, based on the power consumption, traffic class and current battery level of each network interface card , the mobile terminal lifetime is to be calculated. As the lifetime of mobile terminal decreases, we reduce the number of attributes and networks by eliminating the particular network form network list. AHP (Analytic hierarchical process) and TOPSIS (Technique for order of Preference by similarity to the Ideal Solution) are used for network selection

KARAKTERISTIK KEEFEKTIFAN QUANTUM TEACHING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR: (Literature Review)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan karakteristik keefektifan Quantum Teaching serta menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keefektifan Quantum Teaching dalam pembelajaran siswa sekolah dasar. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) karakteristik keefektifan Quantum Teaching dalam proses pembelajaran terdiri dari 8 karakteristik diantaranya: pembelajaran Quantum lebih bersifat humanistis, interaksi pembelajaran lebih menjadi bermakna, menghilangkan segala sesuatu yang menghambat keberhasilan pembelajaran dan mempertahankan segala sesuatu yang mendukung keberhasilan pembelajaran, siswa aktif berdiskusi dan menyampaikan pendapat, meningkatkan hasil belajar, memusatkan perhatian pada interaksi yang bermutu dan bermakna, mengutamakan keberagaman dan keberhasilan sebagai kunci interaksi, dan komunikasi yang jernih. 2) faktor yang mempengaruhi keefektifan Quantum Teaching dalam proses pembelajaran terdiri dari 5 faktor di antaranya yaitu; media pembelajaran yang menarik, keterampilan mengajar guru, gaya mengajar, bina suasana, dan strategi belajar mengajar (SBM). Guru hendaknya guru harus memahami karakteristik siswa dan materi agar model pembelajaran yang digunakan sesuai serta dapat menjadikan pembelajaran yang efektif terlebih ketika menggunakan model pembelajaran Quantum Teaching

UNIVERSAL FILTER MULTICARRIER MODULATION SYSTEM WITH VARIED PARAMETERS & IMPACT ON PAPR

One of the main objectives of multicarrier modulation is to provide multiple accesses for wireless communication systems with higher data rates while having minimum out of band radiation, high spectral efficiency and less complexity. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), Universal filter multicarrier (UFMC), Filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) and Generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) modulation techniques have been developed to support fourth generation and beyond 4G wireless systems. Demand of high data rate in fourth generation wireless communication systems has been fulfilled by OFDM techniques but it suffers from the limitation of less spectral efficiency and high PAPR (Peak to average power ratio). Thus to support next generation wireless systems other waveform models are getting attention. Among the techniques available, UFMC seems to be attractive due to high spectral efficiency and less complexity. It has not explored much so in this paper, performance of UFMC have been evaluated with different design factors such as number of sub bands, FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) size, filter characteristics and modulation under the light of PAPR

Epidemiology of eye diseases: outcomes from a free provincial eye clinic in Papua New Guinea

AimTo ascertain the prevalence and pattern of eye problems in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.Materials and methodsA six-month retrospective study was performed at Madang Provincial Hospital Eye Clinic. Convenience sampling was used in this study and all patient records from January to June 2020 were included. Data was extracted using Microsoft Excel and the data included gender, age, occupation, district where the patient lived, presenting visual acuity, and diagnosis. It was then analyzed using International Business Machines Corporation’s Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 1,715 patients received services at the eye clinic between January and June 2020, and 1,664 were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 39.3 ± 20.3 years. There were slightly more males (50.4%) than females. The overall leading ocular morbidities were corneal ulcers and keratitis (20.7%), refractive errors (17.4%), and cataracts (16.8%). More than half of the patients (56.2%) were either visually impaired or blind. Nearly half of the patients (41.8%) traveled long distances to seek services at the eye clinic. There was a significant association between demographic characteristics, diagnosis, and level of visual impairment.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of potential causes of visual impairment and blindness in Madang Province and these conditions affect all age groups and genders. It is essential to increase accessibility to eye care services in the country

Hold the Phone: FDA to Regulate Smartphone Health Apps?

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set its eyes on the fast-growing mobile health app market, estimated to reach $26 billion by 2017. A recent FDA action has reignited uncertainty over the agency’s treatment of mobile health apps. Earlier this year, the FDA sent a letter to a firm called Biosense, questioning the company’s lack of federal regulatory clearance for uChek Urine analyzer, a kit that allows consumers to use their cell phone cameras to read color differences on test strips designed to detect unhealthy levels of protein and other substances in urine. Biosense’s kit is used with a smartphone camera and app, available on both Apple’s iPhone and Verizon Android Phones, “to process results for nearly 14 substances and determine the risk for more than 60 diseases.” The FDA has not sent letters to any other app makers, according to Erica Jefferson, an FDA spokeswoman. Mobile healthcare, also known as mHealth, stands to become the “biggest technology breakthrough of our time,” according to U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius. Today, mobile apps are already addressing health problems. For example, BlueStar, a doctor-prescribed app by Welldoc, provides coaching messages for diabetics based on real-time blood glucose values and trends. In all, an estimated “25-30$42,000 by September 10, 2013 to meet regulatory requirements in Europe, as well as comply with U.S. standards. According to the company website, the expired internet campaign through Indiegogo Inc.’s crowdfunding website brought in only $15,271 of the$42,000 needed. Yet Biosense has now stopped selling the kit in the United States as its works to seek regulatory approval

Hold the Phone: FDA to Regulate Smartphone Health Apps?

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set its eyes on the fast-growing mobile health app market, estimated to reach $26 billion by 2017. A recent FDA action has reignited uncertainty over the agency’s treatment of mobile health apps. Earlier this year, the FDA sent a letter to a firm called Biosense, questioning the company’s lack of federal regulatory clearance for uChek Urine analyzer, a kit that allows consumers to use their cell phone cameras to read color differences on test strips designed to detect unhealthy levels of protein and other substances in urine. Biosense’s kit is used with a smartphone camera and app, available on both Apple’s iPhone and Verizon Android Phones, “to process results for nearly 14 substances and determine the risk for more than 60 diseases.” The FDA has not sent letters to any other app makers, according to Erica Jefferson, an FDA spokeswoman. Mobile healthcare, also known as mHealth, stands to become the “biggest technology breakthrough of our time,” according to U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius. Today, mobile apps are already addressing health problems. For example, BlueStar, a doctor-prescribed app by Welldoc, provides coaching messages for diabetics based on real-time blood glucose values and trends. In all, an estimated “25-30$42,000 by September 10, 2013 to meet regulatory requirements in Europe, as well as comply with U.S. standards. According to the company website, the expired internet campaign through Indiegogo Inc.’s crowdfunding website brought in only $15,271 of the$42,000 needed. Yet Biosense has now stopped selling the kit in the United States as its works to seek regulatory approval