Type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance and associated comorbidities in children during 2002-2013 in children's clinical university hospital, Latvia

Publisher Copyright: © 2018 De Gruyter Open Ltd. All rights reserved.The world has seen a rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children during the last 20 years. It is proposed that this increase is due to unhealthy eating habits, increasing obesity, especially among teenagers, and better diagnostics. The main risks associated with diabetes are microvascular and macrovascular complications, which can lead to early disability and premature death. The aim of our study was to identify children with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance and investigate associated comorbidities at the time of diagnosis in the Children's Clinical University Hospital in Latvia. A retrospective analysis was performed of all children with type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose tolerance impairment from 2002 till 2013, who were treated in Children's Endocrinology Centre. According to inclusion criteria, 57 patients were selected of whom 24 (42%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus and 33 (58%) had impaired glucose tolerance. Body mass index was analysed according to percentile and all patients were found to have excess weight. In children with type 2 diabetes mellitus, all patients had body mass index over the 99th percentile. Arterial hypertension was found in 66.7% and dyslipidemia in 54.2% type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. From all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, 71% (n = 17) were girls and they had statistically significantly higher total cholesterol (p = 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.003) levels. Considering, that girls with type 2 diabetes mellitus have high cardiovascular risk in adulthood, it is very important not only to achieve normal glucose levels early, but also to treat comorbidities, to reduce further microvascular and macrovascular complication risk.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Formation of Lielais Kangari Mire and characteristics of peat accumulation condition changes

Siliņa I., 2017. „Lielā Kangaru purva veidošanās un kūdras uzkrāšanās apstākļu izmaiņu raksturojums”. Maģistra darbs, Rīga, Latvijas Universitāte, Ģeogrāfijas un Zemes zinātņu fakultāte, Ģeoloģijas nodaļa. Lielais Kangaru purvs, ir viens no lielākajiem Ropažu līdzenuma purviem, kas izveidojies pazeminājumā starp osiem. Līdz šim veikto pētījumu rezultāti nesatur detālu informāciju un nedod iespēju rekonstruēt purva attīstības gaitu, tādēļ maģistra darba mērķis bija noskaidrot Lielā Kangaru purva veidošanās apstākļus un paleovides izmaiņas. Pētījuma ietvaros veiktas sporu-putekšņu analīzes, kūdras nogulumu botāniskā sastāva un kūdras sadalīšanās pakāpes noteikšana. Veicot iegūto rezultātu analīzi, secināts, ka purva attīstības gaitā iespējams izšķirt vairākas siltākas un vēsākas klimata epizodes. Sastādītas sporu–putekšņu diagrammas, kas interpretētas un salīdzinātas ar iepriekšējo pētījumu datiem un reģionālajām putekšņu diagrammām. Rezultātu interpretācija ļauj secināt, ka Lielā Kangaru purva nogulumu uzkrāšanās sākumu var nosacīti datēt ar boreālo laiku (BO1). Pēc nogulumu botāniskā sastāva un kūdras sadalīšanās pakāpes noteikšanas, iespējams izdalīt trīs purva attīstības posmus. Šobrīd purvs ir izveidojies par augstā tipa purvu.Siliņa I., 2017. „Formation of Lielais Kangari Mire and characteristics of peat accumulation condition changes”. Master Thesis, Rīga, University of Latvia, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, Department of Geology. Lielais Kangari Mire is one of the biggest mires in Ropaži Plain, which is formed in a depression between eskers. There is lack of in-detail investigations on the evolution of Lielais Kangari Mire, therefore the aim of this master thesis was to examine the formation conditions and palaeoenvironment changes during the development of this mire. The investigation methods included analysis of the degree of peat decomposition, the estimation of the botanical composition of peat and spore–pollen analysis. The results show that it is posible to identify several warmer and cooler climate episodes in the Lielais Kangari Mire. Peat deposition in mire started around boreal time (BO1). The degree of peat decomposition and the botanical composition of peat indicate three stages in the Mire’s development. The current development stage is raised bog

The Use of Transition Signals in Business Journals

Teksta sasaistes līdzekļu lietojums ir viens no būtiskākajiem faktoriem, lai sasniegtu teksta kohēziju un koherenci, jo tie palīdz secīgi sakārtot notikumus, atvieglojot teksta uztveramību lasītājam. Bakalaura darba mērķis ir analizēt teksta sasaistes līdzekļu izmantošanu biznesa žurnālu rakstos, lai noteiktu to lietojuma biežumu, kā arī izpētītu to visbiežāk izteiktās sintaktiskās funkcijas. Kā galvenā pētījuma metode tika izvēlēta diskursa analīze, kas tika veikta no kvantitatīvās un kvalitatīvās analīzes perspektīvas. Kvantitatīvā analīze atklāj, ka teksta sasaistes līdzekļi ir bieži izmantoti biznesa žurnālu rakstos, it īpaši tādi vārdi kā un, kā, bet un arī. Kvalitatīvā analīze rāda, ka teksta sasaistes līdzekļu visbiežāk izteiktās sintaktiskās funkcijas ir papildinājuma, pretstata un salīdzinājuma sniegšana pretēji idejas labojumam un nolūka izteikšanai, kas bija to visretāk lietotās sintaktiskās funkcijas.The use of transition signals is one of the main factors to acquire the cohesion and coherence of the text as they help to sequence the events by facilitating the comprehension of the text to the reader. The goal of the thesis is to analyse the use of transition signals in business journal articles to determine their frequency as well as to investigate their most common syntactical functions. Discourse analysis was chosen as the main research method that was applied from the perspective of the quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis reveals that transition signals are commonly used in business articles highlighting such transitions like and, as, but, and also as the most frequent. The qualitative analysis shows that the most common syntactical functions of transitions are the expression of an addition, contrast and comparison unlike the correction of an idea and the expression of restatement and purpose that were the least common functions of transitions