Ariel - Volume 2 Number 6

Editors Richard J. Bonanno Robin A. Edwards Associate Editors Steven Ager Stephen Flynn Shep Dickman Tom Williams Lay-out Editor Eugenia Miller Contributing Editors Michael J. Blecker W. Cherry Light James J. Nocon Lynne Porter Editors Emeritus Delvyn C. Case, Jr. Paul M. Fernhof

Environmentalism, pre-environmentalism, and public policy

In the last decade, thousands of new grassroots groups have formed to oppose environmental pollution on the basis that it endangers their health. These groups have revitalized the environmental movement and enlarged its membership well beyond the middle class. Scientists, however, have been unable to corroborate these groups' claims that exposure to pollutants has caused their diseases. For policy analysts this situation appears to pose a choice between democracy and science. It needn't. Instead of evaluating the grassroots groups from the perspective of science, it is possible to evaluate science from the perspective of environmentalism. This paper argues that environmental epidemiology reflects ‘pre-environmentalist’ assumptions about nature and that new ideas about nature advanced by the environmental movement could change the way scientists collect and interpret data.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45449/1/11077_2005_Article_BF01006494.pd

Validation of the C.A.R.E. stimulus set of 640 animal pictures: Name agreement and quality ratings.

Stimulus sets are valuable tools that can facilitate the work of researchers designing experiments. Images of faces, and line drawings of objects have been developed and validated, however, pictures of animals, that do not contain backgrounds, have not been made available. Here we present image agreement and quality ratings for a set of 640 color images of animals on a transparent background, across 60 different basic categories (e.g. cat, dog, frog, bird), some with few, and others with many exemplars. These images were normed on 302 participants. Image agreement was measured both with respect to the proportion of participants that provided the same name as well as the H-statistic for each image. Image quality was measured both overall, and with respect to the accuracy of participants' naming of the basic category. Word frequency of each basic and superordinate category based on the English Lexicon Project (Balota, et al., 2007) and the HAL database (Kucera & Francis, 1976) are provided as are Age of Acquisition (Kuperman, Stadthagen-Gonzalez, & Brysbaert, 2012) data

Chemical and isotopic constraints on the origin of low-silica latite and andesite from the Andes of central Peru

Low-silica latite highly enriched in large-ion-lithophile elements and moderately potassic low-Si andesite were erupted in central Peru during late Cenozoic time. FeO*/MgO ratios of 0.93 to 1.25 at 53 wt percent SiO2 indicate a definitely calc-alkalic character. The combination of low FeO*/MgO ratios, low SiO2, and high Cr, Co, and Ni with large-ion-lithophile and light rare-earth elements makes it very unlikely that the parent magmas were produced by high-pressure partial melting of subducted ocean-floor basalt (eclogite). The data are more compatible with small degrees of partial melting of ultramafic material or mixtures of basalt and ultra-mafic mantle. The initial melts probably contained 52 to 53 percent SiO2 and had a content of large-ion-lithophile elements nearly as high as that of the rocks. Sr87/Sr86 ratios of from 0.7042 to 0.7051 and low to very low Rb/Sr ratios indicate an isotopically variable source region that, at least in part, had earlier been depleted in Rb relative to Sr. © 1975 Geological Society of America

Sample of images from database.

<p>Sample of images from database.</p

Summary Statistics for all variables.

<p>Summary Statistics for all variables.</p

The Merit of Meritocratization

Comparative studies of corruption focus on the selection and incentives of policymakers. With few exceptions, actors who are in charge of implementing policies have been neglected. This article analyzes an original data set on the bureaucratic features and its effects on corruption in fifty-two countries. Two empirical findings challenge the conventional wisdom in literature. First, certain bureaucratic factors, particularly meritocratic recruitment, reduce corruption, even when controlling for a large set of alternative explanations. Second, the analysis shows that other allegedly relevant bureaucratic factors, such as public employees' competitive salaries, career stability, or internal promotion, do not have a significant impact