Analisis Spasial Distribusi Kasus Filariasis di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Tahun 2008-2012

East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT) is one of the endemic areas with the number of filariasis cases increasing from year to year. There are two types of filarial worms, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Brugia timori. Filariasis cases in NTT Province up to January 2013 were as many as 925 cases with a prevalence of 0.20 ‰. Research Objectives to determine the distribution of filariasis cases in East Nusa Tenggara Province in 2008 - 2012. Types of Descriptive Research with secondary data study methods. The results of the research data were analyzed descriptively and presented the data using tables and map images. The results of the study are expected to provide information to educational institutions and health agencies regarding the distribution of filariasis cases in East Nusa Tenggara Province in 2008 - 2012. The results showed that there were 12 districts (57%) found filariasis cases in East Nusa Tenggara Province in 2008 - 2012 with a prevalence of 0.02 ‰ - 4.37 ‰. Age> 15 years are the most sufferers (84.93%), and men are the most sufferers (66.31%). Central Sumba Regency, Rote Ndao District, and Alor Regency have mass treatment in total population (100%), and nine districts are still under 85%. To improve the clinical case finding of filariasis, it is necessary to improve the surveillance performance of cases, among others by increasing the discovery and confirmation of cases and conducting refresher training/training for surveillance officers in the area. In the District Health Office, it is necessary to validate the reported case data

INDUCTION AND PURIFICATION OF DIPHENOL OXIDASE FROM Lenzite elegans

Laccase (EC.1.10.3.2. Diphenol oxidase) are multicopper oxidases that catalyze oxidation of many substituted phenolic compounds, aromatic amines including some inorganic substances by using molecular oxygen as electron acceptor. Nevertheless, most laccases that have been studied so far are not well-suited for industrial applications due to their low stability at high temperatures or pH values. This research focused on identifying and characterizing novel fungal laccases that have potential for industrial applications as well as developing efficient production methods for laccases. Lenzite elegans, a white rot fungi was screened by plate tests using indicator compound 2,2’ Azinobis(3-thylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic ) acid (ABTS). The ability of Lenzite elegans to produce laccase was studied in liquid media. This fungal species produced significant amounts of laccase in titers (958 U), and the enzyme was preliminarily characterized. The novel laccase was found to be rather typical basidiomycete laccase

Challenges for Developing Complex System Governance

This paper examines the challenges and practice implications for Complex System Governance (CSG). CSG is presented as an emerging field focused on the design, execution, and evolution of the higher order (metasystem) functions necessary to provide control, communication, coordination, and integration of a complex system. This paper is focused on three primary objectives. First, we introduce the complex system problem domain that the CSG field is being designed to address. The pervasiveness of this problem domain is demonstrated by a short examination of the water utilities sector. Second, we expound the nature of CSG and an emerging reference model that defines the functions of CSG. These functions must be performed by any system that maintains viability (continued existence). The CSG reference model rests on the underlying conceptual foundations built from Systems Theory (axioms and propositions governing system integration and coordination) and Management Cybernetics (communication and control for effective system organization). Third, we explore the particular challenges that must be addressed if the potential of the emerging CSG field is to be realized. The paper concludes by suggesting the potential that the CSG field brings for enhancing practitioner capabilities to more effectively deal with complex systems and their associated problems

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Hipertensi terhadap Pengetahuan Lansia di Posyandu Lansia Kelurahan Manisrenggo

Keluarga memiliki peran yang begitu penting bagi lansia yang menderita hipertensi khususnya dalam pemberian diet. Peran tersebut antara lain membimbing dan memecahkan masalah sehingga pemberian diet pada lansia dengan hipertensi dapat dikelola dengan baik oleh keluarga. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan perilaku keluarga dalam pemberian diet hipertensi pada lansia. Faktor-faktornya adalah pengetahuan, sikap, umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, ketersediaan fasilitas kesehatan, dan tenaga kesehatan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa (a) ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku keluarga dalam pemberian diet hipertensi pada lansia ; (b) ada hubungan antara sikap dengan perilaku keluarga dalam pemberian diet hipertensi pada lansia ; (c) ada hubungan antara umur dengan perilaku keluarga dalam pemberian diet hipertensi pada lansia; (d) tidak ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan perilaku keluarga dalam pemberian diet hipertensi pada lansia; (e) tidak ada hubungan antara pendidikan dengan perilaku keluarga dalam pemberian diet hipertensi pada lansia; (f) tidak ada hubungan antara ketersediaan fasilitas kesehatan dengan perilaku keluarga dalam pemberian diet hipertensi pada lansia; (g) tidak ada hubungan antara tenaga kesehatan dengan perilaku keluarga dalam pemberian diet hipertensi pada lansia. Keluarga perlu menyadari tentang pentingnya perannya dalam menjaga atau memantau nutrisi yang diberikan pada lansia dengan hipertensi. Keluarga dan penderita hipertensi harus bekerja sama agar penderita hipertensi patuh menjalani diet rendah garam agar tekanan darah penderita hipertensi dapat terkontrol dengan baik. Pada penelitian ini bahwa tingkat Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan terhadap Pengetahuan Lansia di Posyandu Lansia Kelurahan Manisrenggo sebelum kita melakukan penyuluhan pada lansia dari 23 responden memiliki kategori cukup atau 43% dari 23 responden yaitu 10 responden. Namun, setelah kita melakukan penyuluhan tentang pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan lansia mengalami kenaikan dari 43% kategori cukup menjadi 52% memiliki kategori baik yaitu 12 orang

Morning and Afternoon Sampling and Herbage Chemical Composition of Rotationally Stocked Elephant Grass cv. Napier

Nutrient intake by grazing animals depends on the amount of dry matter consumed and its chemical composition. Forage grasses, as with any other plants, produce assimilates during the day via photosynthesis to sustain live tissues, plant growth and organic reserves (Taiz and Zeiger 2013). In that context, herbage chemical composition may vary according to variations in the photosynthesis-respiration balance throughout the day. From dawn to dusk the balance increases and herbage dry matter content as well as concentration of soluble carbohydrates increase, the reverse happening from dusk to dawn. That could interfere with nutritive value and nutrient intake of grazing animals (Delagarde 2000), since for a given bite volume the amount of herbage and its composition could vary depending on the time of the day. That could have implications for rotationally managed pastures, indicating a potential effect of time of changing animals from one paddock to the other as a management strategy. Against that background, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate dry matter (DM) content and the concentration of soluble carbohydrates (SC), crude protein (CP), neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fibre in herbage samples harvested during the morning and afternoon periods from rotationally stocked elephant grass cv. Napier

GENETIC VARIABILITY AND INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GRAIN YIELD AND SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF ACHA (Digitaria spp.) ACCESSIONS

Acha (Digitaria exillis Kippis. Stapf and D. iburua stapf L) belongs to the grass family, Poaceae and has been described as the oldest West African cereal and of great value to the natives. With its potentials, there has been a renewed interest in Acha cultivation and research. The present study focused on the evaluation of the genetic variability and interrelationship between grain yield and some morphological and reproductive traits of some Acha accessions collected from farmers in five villages (Mwel, Toff, Kuba, Mbar and Kulere Richa) Bokkos Local Government Area of Plateau State. The trial was conducted during the 2019 rainy season atthe Federal College of Forestry Jos. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Analysis of variance revealed variability among the different accessions. Grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with plant height.&nbsp

Reducing Uncertainty in Technology Selection for Long Life Cycle Engineering Designs

The best capabilities are usually achieved by having the latest technologies in defense systems. However, including the new, usually immature, technologies in a system design does not always easily result in achieving the capabilities at the right level, at an affordable cost, and in a timely manner. Many programs have suffered from immature technologies as cost overruns, late or no deliveries, and poor performance levels. Another impact of technology selection appears as obsolescence after the deployment of systems, or even before the deployment of the system. As the technologies of a system become obsolete, the cost of maintaining the system increases. Defense systems, which have longer sustainment life cycles, are more vulnerable to obsolescence of technologies. While obsolete technologies increase the cost of maintaining the military systems, they also impact the level of the superiority of the capabilities. In the current literature, several approaches have been proposed by different authors to address either the immature technology risk or the technology obsolescence risk. This study will make an effort to develop an approach which addresses the issue of technology selection for long life cycle defense systems that consider both the feasibility risk of immature technologies and obsolescence risk of technologies

Composition and Anticoagulant Potential of Chondroitin Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate from Inedible Parts of Garfish (Belone belone)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play a crucial role due to their significant biomedical functions. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS), the main representative family of GAGs, were extracted and purified from garfish (Belone belone) by-products, i.e., skin (GSB), bones (GCB), and heads (GHB), and their composition and anticoagulant activity were investigated. CS/DS were purified by ion-exchange chromatography with yields of 8.1% for heads, 3.7% for skin, and 1.4% for bones. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis was also explored for analyzing the extracted CS/DS. Interestingly, GHB, GSB, and GCB possessed sulfate contents of 21 ± 2%, 20 ± 1%, and 20 ± 1.5%, respectively. Physico-chemical analysis showed that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the variances for sulfate, uronic acid, and total sugars in the GAGs extracted from the different parts of fish. Disaccharide analysis by SAX-HPLC showed that the GSB and GCB were predominately composed of ΔDi-4S [ΔUA-GalNAc 6S] (74.78% and 69.22%, respectively) and ΔDi-2,4S [ΔUA2S-GalNAc 4S] (10.92% and 6.55%, respectively). However, the GHB consisted of 25.55% ΔDi-6S [ΔUA-GalNAc 6S] and 6.28% ΔDi-2,6S [ΔUA2S-GalNAc 4S]. Moreover, classical anticoagulation tests were also used to measure their anticoagulant properties in vitro, which included the activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time. The CS/DS isolated from garfish by-products exhibited potent anticoagulant effects. The purified CS/DS showed exceptional anticoagulant properties according to this research and can be considered as a new agent with anticoagulant properties

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARLY AND LATE HARVESTED IMPROVED AND LOCAL SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) CULTIVARS ON THE JOS PLATEAU

The physicochemical composition and the energy values of the flours of both identified improved sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) cultivars: CIP4400168, Ex-Igbariam, Tanzania, TIS 8164 and TIS 87/0087 and three local varieties (Land-races) of sweet potato were investigated. The cultivars were harvested after 4 months (early harvest) and 6 months (late harvest) to determine their suitability for the formulation of sweet potato secondary products. The root of each harvestwas weighed, washed, scrubbed, chipped to 1 x 1 x 6mm dimension, dried, milled into powder, sieved through 250μm mesh size sieve to obtain sweet potato flour. The flour was proximately analysed for moisture content (MC), Protein, Lipid, Fibre, Ash, Starch, Calorific value and pH using standard methods.The late harvest differed significantly in the parameters examined. The flour had low percentage moisture content ranging between 5 and 7.04% for late and early harvests respectively, indicative of long shelf life characteristics and low chances of attack by microorganisms. The crude protein values were higher (7.04%) in the flours of the early harvest but low (0.77%) for late harvest. The lipid concentration of the cultivars was low, 0.24 and 1.67% for the flours of 4 and 6 months harvests respectively. The fibre mean values of the flours were high (3.80%) in the 6 months harvest but low (1.24%) in the 4 months harvest.The ash content of the samples ranged between 0.83 and 2.56% for the flours of 6 and 4 months harvest respectively. The mean percentage values for starch of the flours were high ranging between 79.43 and 89.76% for 4 and 6 months harvested cultivars.&nbsp