Seam grinning behavior of single jersey fabric

120-126Influence of fibre, yarn count, loop length and fabric direction on seam grinning behavior of a single jersey fabric has been investigated. A 33 Box–Behnken design is employed to investigate the influence of various parameters on seam grinning behavior of single jersey fabric. The test results show that the seam grinning d5ecreases for the specimen having lycra filament but it is maximum for 100% cotton specimen. At higher value of loop length, seam grinning decreases in cotton and polyester/cotton fabrics but increases for polyester-lycra and cotton-lycra fabric samples. It had also been seen that seam grinning is higher in wale-wise and bias direction as compared to that in course-wise direction. Hence, seam grinning can be reduced by choosing appropriate values of yarn count, loop length for a particular kind of fibre. This study will be helpful for garment industrialist to minimise the seam grinning effect among knitted garments and to improve quality of producing seam

Seam performance of knitted fabrics based on seam strength and seam efficiency

22-28The current study has been conducted on 100% cotton, polyester/cotton and cotton/lycra single jersey fabrics for investigation of seam performance in term of seam strength and seam efficiency. The influence of various parameters, viz. sewing needle size, sewing needle type and seam angle, on seam performance of these fabrics have been studied and analyzed. The response surface methodology is employed to investigate their effect on seam strength and seam efficiency by analysis of variance and regression equations. The test results reveal that cotton and cotton/lycra fabrics have lower seam strength as compared to polyester/cotton fabric. Also, with increase in seam angle and needle size, seam strength decreases. However, with sewing needle type, an increase in seam strength is observed for all the three fabrics. The cotton/lycra half plated fabric shows higher seam efficiency among all the three fabrics. It is noted that seam efficiency increases with seam angle and sewing needle type. It has been found that SES needle type (Small ball point) exhibits poor seam efficiency but an improvement in efficiency has been observed with SUK (Medium ball point) and SAN needle type (Conical point) for all three knitted fabrics

Optimization of parameters for needle cut index using TOPSIS method

319-324The influence of loop length, stitches per inch, and sewing needle type on needle cut index in 100% cotton single jersey fabric has been studied considering factorial design. Further optimization of factors using Design Expert Tool has been done followed by ranking the optimized solution through TOPSIS method along with the confirmatory test. The results show that sewing needle type has the highest contribution with 29.83% followed by the 23.08% for stitches per inch and 11.95% in the case of loop length as far as needle cut index in the course direction is concerned. In the wale direction, sewing needle type has the highest contribution with 50.45% followed by the 13.30% for loop length and 10.77% for stitches per inch. It has also been observed that SES needle type is generating more needle cut as compared to SUK and SAN type needles. It is confirmed that the error percentage has been the lowest for highest rank solutions and subsequently the error increases with decreasing rank in terms of closeness coefficient. The present study is expected to be helpful for garment industrialists in minimising the needle cut defect among knitted garments and improve the quality of producing seam

Effect of yarn count and loop length on needle penetration force and needle cut index in single jersey fabrics

388-394The present study embodies the sewability of single jersey knitted fabric based on needle penetration force and needle cut index. Four types of single jersey fabric, viz. 100% cotton, polyester/cotton, polyester/lycra, and cotton/lycra, are taken for investigation. The materials are prepared on circular knitting machine by varying the yarn count and loop length. The influence of various parameters, viz. type of fibre, yarn count and loop length, on needle penetration force and needle cut index have been analyzed. In addition, the influence of seam direction on the needle cut index is also studied. A 3_level factorial design is employed to analyse the influence of there parameters. The statistical analysis shows that yarn count and loop length has a significant effect on needle penetration force and needle cut index. It has been observed that in all single jersey knitted fabrics, cotton-lycra and polyester-lycra half plated fabrics have higher value of needle penetration force than cotton and polyester/cotton.  The test results also show that for both coarser yarn and finer yarn count, longer loop length gives a lower value of needle penetration force. The needle cut index decreases with increase in the yarn count and loop length. Also it is observed that, the needle cut index is more in wale direction as compared to that in course direction. It is also concluded that cotton fabric samples are more susceptible to needle damages as compared to their counterparts

Seam grinning behavior of single jersey fabric

Influence of fibre, yarn count, loop length and fabric direction on seam grinning behavior of a single jersey fabric has been investigated. A 33 Box–Behnken design is employed to investigate the influence of various parameters on seam grinning behavior of single jersey fabric. The test results show that the seam grinning d5ecreases for the specimen having lycra filament but it is maximum for 100% cotton specimen. At higher value of loop length, seam grinning decreases in cotton and polyester/cotton fabrics but increases for polyester-lycra and cotton-lycra fabric samples. It had also been seen that seam grinning is higher in wale-wise and bias direction as compared to that in course-wise direction. Hence, seam grinning can be reduced by choosing appropriate values of yarn count, loop length for a particular kind of fibre. This study will be helpful for garment industrialist to minimise the seam grinning effect among knitted garments and to improve quality of producing seam

Seam performance of knitted fabrics based on seam strength and seam efficiency

The current study has been conducted on 100% cotton, polyester/cotton and cotton/lycra single jersey fabrics for investigation of seam performance in term of seam strength and seam efficiency. The influence of various parameters, viz. sewing needle size, sewing needle type and seam angle, on seam performance of these fabrics have been studied and analyzed. The response surface methodology is employed to investigate their effect on seam strength and seam efficiency by analysis of variance and regression equations. The test results reveal that cotton and cotton/lycra fabrics have lower seam strength as compared to polyester/cotton fabric. Also, with increase in seam angle and needle size, seam strength decreases. However, with sewing needle type, an increase in seam strength is observed for all the three fabrics. The cotton/lycra half plated fabric shows higher seam efficiency among all the three fabrics. It is noted that seam efficiency increases with seam angle and sewing needle type. It has been found that SES needle type (Small ball point) exhibits poor seam efficiency but an improvement in efficiency has been observed with SUK (Medium ball point) and SAN needle type (Conical point) for all three knitted fabrics

Effect of yarn count and loop length on needle penetration force and needle cut index in single jersey fabrics

The present study embodies the sewability of single jersey knitted fabric based on needle penetration force and needle cut index. Four types of single jersey fabric, viz. 100% cotton, polyester/cotton, polyester/lycra, and cotton/lycra, are taken for investigation. The materials are prepared on circular knitting machine by varying the yarn count and loop length. The influence of various parameters, viz. type of fibre, yarn count and loop length, on needle penetration force and needle cut index have been analyzed. In addition, the influence of seam direction on the needle cut index is also studied. A 3_level factorial design is employed to analyse the influence of there parameters. The statistical analysis shows that yarn count and loop length has a significant effect on needle penetration force and needle cut index. It has been observed that in all single jersey knitted fabrics, cotton-lycra and polyester-lycra half plated fabrics have higher value of needle penetration force than cotton and polyester/cotton.  The test results also show that for both coarser yarn and finer yarn count, longer loop length gives a lower value of needle penetration force. The needle cut index decreases with increase in the yarn count and loop length. Also it is observed that, the needle cut index is more in wale direction as compared to that in course direction. It is also concluded that cotton fabric samples are more susceptible to needle damages as compared to their counterparts.

Silk biomaterial for skeletal tissue engineering

Increased fracture rates and problems connected with missing bones as a result of accidents or various illnesses cause serious socio-health issues. Tissue engineering strives to provide a technique for promoting the healing or restoration of injured tissue as closely as feasible to the original tissue. The construction of scaffolds made from recombinant proteins is one of the most important alternatives proposed by this specialisation. Silk in bone tissue engineering has been extensively studied and the current study summarises the literature on such materials and their fabrication

Silk biomaterial for skeletal tissue engineering

70-77Increased fracture rates and problems connected with missing bones as a result of accidents or various illnesses cause serious socio-health issues. Tissue engineering strives to provide a technique for promoting the healing or restoration of injured tissue as closely as feasible to the original tissue. The construction of scaffolds made from recombinant proteins is one of the most important alternatives proposed by this specialisation. Silk in bone tissue engineering has been extensively studied and the current study summarises the literature on such materials and their fabrication

Fixing a Hole: a Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating HAV, HBV, Tetanus Screening, and Vaccination During Hospitalization in Persons Who Use Substances

Background:Rates of serious injection-related infections in persons who use drugs have increased. Resulting admissions are an opportunity for screening and vaccination of preventable infections such as hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and tetanus. Design and methods:We conducted a retrospective review of adults with documented substance use admitted for bacterial infection between July 2015 and March 2020. We evaluated HAV, HBV, and tetanus vaccination status at admission, along with screening for HAV and HBV infection and immunity. We identified the proportion of patients at risk for infection who received HAV, HBV, and tetanus vaccines during admission and patient-level factors associated with vaccination. Results:We identified 280 patients who met our inclusion criteria. Of the 198 (70.7%) patients at risk for HAV, infectious disease providers recommended vaccination for 21 (10.6%) and 15 (7.6%) received HAV vaccine. Of the 174 (62.1%) patients at risk for HBV, infectious disease providers recommended vaccination for 32 (18.3%) and 25 (14.4%) received HBV vaccine. A large proportion of patients (31.4%, 88) had no documentation of prior tetanus vaccination, and infectious disease providers recommended tetanus vaccination for three (1.1%) and five patients (1.8%) received a tetanus booster. Infectious disease consult vaccine recommendations were statistically significantly associated with HAV or HBV vaccination prior to discharge. Conclusion:Over 70% of our population is at risk for one or more of these preventable infections. Efforts are needed to maximize inpatient screening and vaccination for HAV, HBV, and tetanus in patients with barriers to care