Preparation and Investigation of Flexural Strength and Impact Strength for Nano Hybrid Composite Materials of the Tri- Polymeric Blend used in Structural Applications

Current work is aimed to preparation the nanocomposites laminatesof low density and good durability to use in structural applications. So, in thispaper, the preparation and compare of some mechanical properties of twogroups of tri-polymer blends composites consisting of ((93% unsaturatedpolyester resin (UP)+(5%PMMA) (Poly methyl methacrylate)+2%NR(Natural Rubber)) as the matrix materials. Added the reinforce materials(silica (SiO2) and zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles) individually, with differentvolume fraction of (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5%) to the ternary polymer blends accordingto the following formula:- [((100-X) (93%UP)+2%NR+5%PMMA): (X%SiO2or X% ZrO2)] The first group is composed of matrix material reinforced withzirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles with average diameter of nanoparticles(56.88nm) and the second group is composed of matrix material reinforcedwith silica (SiO2) nanoparticles with average diameter of nanoparticles(24.59nm). Then used as a matrix material for the preparation of hybridlaminar composites materials, reinforcement with one and two layers ofwoven carbon fibers The research included the study of the influence ofvolume fraction of nanoparticles on some of mechanical and physicalproperties like flexural strength, flexural modulus impact strength, and impactfracture toughness, in addition to test infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and all ofthese tests were carried out at laboratory temperature. Search results haveshown that the values of (flexural modulus and impact strength and fracturetoughness) increases with the increase of the nanoparticles ratios in polymerblend nano composite of prepared samples. While flexural strength valuedecreases with the increase in the volume fraction of nanoparticles in polymerblend nano composite. The fracture energy of the of hybrid laminarcomposites is higher than those containing only the nanoparticles powders.Morphology test by scanning electron microscope indicates that a goodadhesion or interfacial interactions between the Nano powders particles,carbon fibers and components of ternary polymer blend. Which results inhigher the carbon fibers efficiency factor, and hence higher mechanicalstrength. So, the hybrid laminar nano composites, which appear high flexuralmodulus and impact strength and fracture toughness, can be foreseen toprovide valuable contribution to high performance structural applications

The Fracture Toughness of Heat Cured Acrylic- Natural Rubber/Silicone Rubber Blend Reinforced with Pomegranate Peels Powder

يمثل تطوير راتنج PMMA في تصنيع قاعدة الأسنان باستخدام طريقة التقوية عاملًا مهمًا في السنوات الأخيرة، لذلك يتعامل هذا العمل مع تطوير المقاومة الميكانيكية لقاعدة أسنان PMMA عن طريق تصنيع عينات تتكون من مزيج البوليمر كمادة اساس ومدعومة بجزيئات نانوية طبيعية من قشر الرمان (PPP). تتكون هذه المجموعات من نوعين من مزيج البوليمرات (  2%:PMMAمطاط السيليكونSR  أو المطاط الطبيعي(NR ، كل واحدة منها تستخدم كمواد اساس ، تم تعزيزها بواسطة مسحوق طبيعي من قشور الرمان (PPP) بحجم النانومتر ،بنسب وزنية محددة (0.0 ، 0.1 ، 0.3 ، 0.5 و 0.7٪ وزناً). تم التحقق من بعض الخواص الميكانيكية (مقاومة الانحناء، أقصى إجهاد القص، مقاومة الصدمة، متانة الكسر والصلابة) ومن معطيات الـ FTIR)، وأظهرت النتائج تحسنًا ملحوظًا في جميع الخواص الميكانيكية التي درست في هذا العمل لكلتا المجموعتين من المتراكبات مقارنة بمواد الاساسSR)  (PMMA: 2% أو (PMMA: 2% NR) أظهرت المتراكبات الحياتية المكونة من (PMMA: 2%NR): X% PPP) أعلى القيم لهذه الخصائص وهي 144MPa, 12MPa, 10KJ/m² and 5.74MPa.m½على التوالي، بالمقارنة مع العينات المتراكبة المكونة من (PMMA: 2%SR): X% PPP). بناءً على هذه النتائج، يمكن أن نلخص إلى أن إضافة 2٪ من المطاط الطبيعي مع حبيبات القشور النانوية إلى مادة بولي ميثيل ميثاكريليت هي واحدة من الاساليب الناجعة لتحسين متانة الكسر لقواعد أطقم الأسنان.The development of PMMA resin in denture base fabrication by using the strengthen method represent important factor in the last years, so this study aims to development the mechanical strengthens of PMMA denture base by manufacturing samples based on two types of polymers blends are (poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin: 2% (silicone rubber (SR)) and (PMMA resin:  2% natural rubber (NR)),  each one of them used as a matrix material,  reinforced by natural nanoparticles of pomegranate peel (PPP), with selected weight fractions ratios (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 & 0.7% wt.). Some mechanical properties and analytical of (FTIR) were investigated. The results showed an appreciably improvement in the values of flexural strength, max. Shear stress, impact strength and fracture toughness for both groups of hybrids nanocomposites specimens comparing with matrix materials of (PMMA: 2%SR) and (PMMA: 2%NR). Hybrid nanocomposites specimens that based on polymer blend (PMMA: 2%NR) as matrix material  reinforced with PPP nanoparticle ,  showed the highest values in these properties  (144MPa, 12MPa, 10KJ/m² and 5.74MPa.m½) respectively, as compared with specimens of hybrid nanocomposites  (PMMA: 2%SR): X% PPP) . On the basis of these results, it can be conclusion that the addition of 2% natural rubber with pomegranate peels powder nanoparticles to the poly methyl methacrylate material is one of the hopeful materials in use to improve the fracture strength for the complete or partial dentures base

Development of Surface Roughness and Mechanical Properties of PMMA Nanocomposites by Blending with Polymeric Materials

This work aims to a development of mechanical properties of PMMA that is utilized in denture material, by using two types of polymers; blends (PMMA:2%NR) and (PMMA:2%SR) as a matrix materials strengthen with natural nanoparticles from the pomegranate peel powder (PPP) that were added at different weight fractions (0.0, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7%). Two groups of bio nanocomposites specimens were prepared, using (Hand Lay-Up) method. Experimental tests were carried out on surface roughness, hardness and wear rate as well as analyzing of FTIR test. The minimum values of surface roughness and wear rate were reached 1.51 nm and 0.317×10-8 g/cm respectively for polymer blend nanocomposite ((PMMA:2%NR): 0.7% PPP). Whereas, the maximum value of Shore D hardness reached 90 for the same sample of nanocomposites. According to these results, it can be a concluded that the addition of Nano pomegranate powder and natural rubber can develop the mechanical properties of PMMA material used in medical applications

Development the Physical Properties of Polymeric Blend (SR/ PMMA) by Adding various Types of Nanoparticles, Used for Maxillofacial Prosthesis Applications

As maxillofacial defects increased due to cancer; it became necessary to select high-quality prosthetic materials in this field. Silicone rubber is widely used in damaged maxillofacial affected areas replacement surgery as bio material. The aim of this research, prepared a nano composites materials, from polymer blend (silicone rubber: 5% PMMA) reinforced by different types of nano-powders; pomegranate Peels Powder (PPP), Seeds powder of dates Ajwa (SPDA) and TiO2 nano-powders with loading level (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%). Some physical properties such as density, water absorption, and Thermo-Physical test, FTIR analysis, as well as, FTIR, antibacterial tests were done on prepared samples. The results showed that the composites material based of polymer blend with optimum percent are of 0.2% of pomegranate Peels Powder (PPP), 0.3% of Seeds powder of dates Ajwa (SPDA) and 0.1% of TiO2 nano-powders that have ideal characteristic. Also for antibacterial tests, polymeric blend composites with optimum percent of this nano-powders show that more antibacterial efficiency against S.aureus bacteria than E.coli bacteria

Study Some Mechanical Properties of Binary Polymer Blends Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing

تعتبر طريقة الاحتكاك والخلط تقنية واعدة لتحسين الخواص الميكانيكية لسطح الخلائط البوليميرية مع الاحتفاظ بخواص باقي الجسم، في هذا العمل جرت محاولة لإضافة نسب مختلفة من البولي بروبلين، ستيرين أكريلونيتريل والبولي فينيل كلوريد كمادة ثانية إلى البولي اثيلين عالي الكثافة (كمادة اساس). تم أجراء الاختبارات الميكانيكية (الصلادة والشد) لتقييم أداء عملية الاحتكاك والخلط لتحضير الخلائط البوليميرية الثنائية: (البولي اثيلين عالي الكثافة: بولي فينيل كلوريد)، (البولي اثيلين عالي الكثافة: ستيرين أكريلونيتريل) و (البولي اثيلين عالي الكثافة: بولي بروبلين) على عمق 3 مم من سطح (البولي اثيلين عالي الكثافة). أظهرت نتائج الاختبارات أن أفضل قيم للصلادة ومقاومة الشد تم الحصول عليها عند إضافة نسبة (15٪) من (البولي فينيل كلوريد) إلى المادة الاساس (البولي اثيلين عالي الكثافة).  في ضوء ما سبق، يمكن الاستنتاج أن تقنية الاحتكاك والخلط، يمكن أن تستخدم لإصلاح التشققات والعيوب التي تتكون على سطح المواد البوليميرية.Friction stir processing (FSP) is a promising technique to improve the mechanical properties of the polymer blends surface with retainment of bulk properties, in this work an attempt was done to add different ratios of polypropylene (PP), styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a second material to the matrix plate high density polyethylene (HDPE). Mechanical properties were estimated for hardness and tensile tests were carried out to assess the performance of friction stir processed to prepared the binary polymers blends (HDPE: PP), (HDPE: SAN) and (HDPE: PVC) at depth 3 mm from the surface of (HDPE) plate. The results of the tests showed that the best values of the tensile strength, young modulus and hardness, it was obtained when adding the ratio of (15%) of the (PVC) to matrix (HDPE). The friction stir processing technique was successfully used to improve the mechanical properties of polymer surface. In view of the foregoing, it can be concluded that the friction stir processing technique, can be utilizing to repair the cracks and imperfections that are formed in polymeric materials

Mechanical and Morphological Properties of HDPE: PP and LDPE: PP Polymer Blend Composites Reinforced with TiO2 particles

In this research two groups of polymer blends have been prepared First group included (High density polyethylene (HDPE): Polypropylene (PP))While the Second group(included Low density polyethylene (LDPE): Polypropylene (PP)) both groups prepared withpolypropylene of (20% and 80%). From the results of tensile test for the prepared blends it has been showed that the optimum blending ratio was (20%LDPE:80%PP and 20%HDPE:80%PP) which thenreinforced with (2, 5 and 8wt%) oftitanium dioxide (TiO2), particle size (0.421μm). Titaniaparticles weremechanically mixed with the polymers prior tomelt mixing for better dispersion.Polymerblend composites were obtained by using single screw extruder. Results showed that mechanical properties increased as titania content increased except elongation.Furthermore the result recorded highest values ofimpact strength and fracture toughness at2%wt TiO2which is 312 Mpa and 572.8Mparespectively,for the polymer blend (20%HDPE: 80%PP) composite and for the polymer blend (20%LDPE: 80%PP) composites the impact strength and fracture toughness are 262.5Mpa and 468 Mpa respectively.The mechanical properties values of 20%HDPE: 80%PP is higher than 20%LDPE: 80%PP polymer blendcomposites. Scanningelectron microscopy (SEM) imagesshowed that there isbonding developed between TiO2 and polymer blends in some regions

Study Compression and Impact Properties of PMMA Reinforced by Natural Fibers Used in Denture

The fracture in dentures prepared from acrylic resin occurs frequently during the accidental damage or service through heavy occlusal force [1]. Impact failures usually occur out of the mouth as a result of accidental dropping due to cleaning, coughing or sneezing or a sudden blow to the denture [2]. This paper is focused on the effect of natural fibers on the mechanical properties of PMMA by changing two parameters (content of fibers and length of fibers). Fibers were treated with alkaline solution to improve the interfacial adhesion. Composite specimens were prepared by using hand lay-up method. The results were showed that the increasing the weight fraction of both fibers lead to increase compression strength and decrease impact strength of composite specimens. While, increasing fiber length of both fibers lead to decrease compression strength and increase impact strength of the composite specimens. The largest value obtained for bamboo specimens at (2mm) fiber length and (9wt. %) and reach (530 MPa.). The main goal of this research is studying the impact and compression properties of PMMA reinforced by natural fibers (siwak and bamboo) by varying length and concentration of both kinds of fibers

Investigating Some Properties of Nanocomposites for Dental Restoration Materials

In this work, it was evaluated the wear resistance, hardness, and surface roughness values of resin-based composites that applied in dentistry as restorative materials. The resin composites were made from six types of resin matrixes (A, B, C, D, E, and F) and each one of them has contained different types and ratios of monomers as well as the inorganic nano-fillers (SiO2, ZrO2, HA, and Al2O3). For each test, thirty specimens were prepared, which were classified into six groups depending on the types of the resin matrix and fillers used in the composites. The results prove that the nanocomposites that have the lowest rate of wear were the group E which was derived from the resin matrix of the group E that has monomers are (BIS-GMA, meth acrylamide, methacrylic acid, and 1-6 hexanediol methacrylate) with values range from 8.11 to 6.11 mm3/mm depending on the filler type material. All prepared composites resin materials (A to F) showed an increase in their hardness values as regards the reference, group D showed the highest hardness value followed by group B while group C was the lowest. The highest mean roughness was shown in groups A and F with 0.82 and 0.79 μm respectively, while the smoother surfaces among all groups were groups B and D which had significantly fewer roughness values of 0.16 and 0.19 μm respectively

Effect of Sb2O3 and/or CdO nanoparticle substitution on the properties of high-TC superconducting Bi1.6-x SbxPb0.4Sr2Ca2-yCdyCu3OZ material

High temperature superconductors materials with composition Bi1.6-xSbxPb0.4Sr2Ca2-yCdyCu3OZ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) and (y = 0.01 and 0.02), were prepared by using the chemical reaction in solid-state ways, and test influence of partial replacement of Bi and Ca with Sb and Cd respectively on the superconducting properties, all samples were sintered at the same temperature (850 oC) and for the same time (195 h). The structural analysis of the prepared samples was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements performed at room temperature, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dc electrical resistivity was measured as a function of temperature. It was found that the sample prepared by partial substitution of Sb at ratio (x= 0.2) and Cd with ratio (y=0.01), has the maximum value of zero resistance temperature, where was the TC(onset) and TC(0) values for this sample are (140 K) and (123 K) respectively, and XRD results reveal that this sample has the highest percentage of Bi- 2223 phase, as well as the analysis of XRD patterns of the prepared materials showed polycrystalline structure and signalize that all samples had an orthorhombic crystalline structure. It was concluded that Sb2O3 nanoparticles it may be acts as a flux agent in the matrix to lower the partial melting temperature of the samples and that leads to the promotion of the high-TC phase

Characterization of thermo-physical and hardness properties of unsaturated polyester resin hybrid nano composites Sihama Issa Salih1, Waleed Bdaiwi Salih2, Husam Sakin Hamad2

In this work, two groups of nanocomposite material, was prepared from unsaturated polyester resin (UPE), they were prepared by hand lay-up method. The first group was consisting of (UPE) reinforced with individually (ZrO2) nanoparticles with particle size (47.23nm). The second group consists of (UPE) reinforced with hybrid nanoparticles consisting of zirconium oxide and yttrium oxide (70% ZrO2 + 30% Y2O3) with particles size (83.98nm). This study includes the effect of selected volume fraction (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%) for both reinforcement nano materials. Experimental investigation was carried out by analyzing the thermo-physical properties like thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat for the polymeric composites samples, as well as the hardness test. The results showed that the values of (hardness, specific heat) increased as the nanoparticle content in composite samples increased for both groups’ nanocomposites, whereas the values of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion decrease for both groups composites. And it was found that the properties of composite materials reinforced by hybrid nanoparticles have higher properties as compared with their counterparts of other nanocomposite reinforced by zirconia nanoparticle. The morphology of the fracture surface was showed homogeneous micro structure formation for both groups composites, indicating a good compatibility between the matrix material and the reinforcement nanoparticles