The environmental impact of heavy metals from sewage sludge in Ferralsols

International audienc

The environmental impact of heavy metals from sewage sludge in ferralsols (Sao Paulo, Brazil)

International audienc

Pges And Other Traffic-related Elements In Roadside Soils From São Paulo, Brazil

The distribution of platinum, palladium, and rhodium in soils adjacent to a major road in São Paulo, Brazil, is presented. Sampling was made at four sites with varying traffic volumes and driving styles (stop/start vs. constant speed). High-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) with NiS fire assay collection and Te coprecipitation was used as analytical procedure. The platinum group element (PGE) pattern distribution in the analyzed roadside soil was similar to that of other traffic-related elements such as Zn and Cu, characterized by a strong decrease of the PGE content with increasing distance from the traffic lane. The results indicate that the PGE concentrations in roadside soil are directly influenced by traffic conditions and distance, which characterize their catalytic converter origin. Pt, Pd, and Rh contents range between 0.3 and 17 ng g-1, 1.1 and 58 ng g-1, and 0.07 and 8.2 ng g-1 respectively. Lower levels of Pt and lower Pt/Pd ratios in relation to similar studies in other countries were observed due to the different Pt/Pd ratios in Brazilian automobile catalytic converters. This is the first study to assess traffic-derived Pt, Pd, and Rh deposition in Brazil. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.3451-38191Angelone, M., Armiento, G., Cinti, D., Somma, R., Trocciola, A., Platinum and heavy metal concentration levels in urban soils of Naples (Italy) (2002) Fresenius Environ. Bull., 11 (8), pp. 1-5Artelt, S., Levsen, K., Konig, P., Rosner, G., Engine tests bench experiments to determine platinum emissions from three-way catalytic converters (2000) Anthropogenic Platinum Group Element Emissions. Their Impact on Man and Environment, pp. 33-44. , F. Zereini F. Alt Springer-Verlag Berlin HeidelbergBarefoot, R.R., Determination of platinum at trace levels in environmental and biological materials (1997) Environ. Sci. Technol., 31 (2), pp. 309-314Barefoot, R.R., Distribution and speciation of platinum group elements in environmental matrices (1999) Trends Anal. Chem., 18 (11), pp. 702-707Begerow, J., Dunemann, L., Internal platinum and palladium exposure of the general population with emphasis on the exposure from automobile exhaust and dental restorative alloys (2000) Anthropogenic Platinum Group Element Emissions. Their Impact on Man and Environment, pp. 227-236. , F. Zereini F. Alt SpringerCichella, D., De Vivo, B., Lima, A., Palladium and platinum concentration in soils from the Napoli metropolitan area, Italy: Possible effects of catalytic exhausts (2003) Sci. Total Environ., 308, pp. 121-131Cinti, D., Angelone, M., Masi, U., Cremisini, C., Platinum levels in natural and urban soils from Rome and Latium (Italy): Significance for pollution by automobile catalytic converter (2002) Sci. Total Environ., 293, pp. 47-57Farago, M.E., Kavanagh, P., Blanks, R., Kelly, J., Kazantzis, G., Thorton, I., Platinum concentrations in urban road dust and soil, and in blood and urine in the United Kingdom (1998) Analyst, 123, pp. 451-454Farrauto, R.J., Heck, R.M., Catalytic converters: State of the art and perspectives (1999) Catal. Today, 51, pp. 351-360Gómez, B., Gómez, M., Sanchez, J.L., Fernández, R., Palacios, M.A., Platinum and rhodium distribution in airborne particulate matter and road dust (2001) Sci. Total Environ., 269, pp. 131-144Helmers, E., Platinum emission rate of automobiles with catalytic converters. Comparison and assessment of results from various approaches (1997) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 4 (2), pp. 100-103Helmers, E., PGE emissions of automobile catalysts-identifying their track in the environment. a challenge to analytical strategy and assessment (2000) Anthropogenic Platinum Group Element Emissions. Their Impact on Man and Environment, pp. 133-144. , F. Zereini F. Alt SpringerHildemann, L.M., Markoxski, G.R., Cass, G.R., Chemical composition of emissions from urban sources of fine organic aerosol (1991) Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, pp. 744-759Jarvis, K.E., Parry, S.J., Piper, J.M., Temporal and spatial studies of autocatalyst-derived platinum, rhodium and palladium and selected vehicle-derived trace elements in the environment (2001) Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, pp. 1031-1036Jorge, A.P.S., Enzweiler, J., Shibuya, E.K., Sarkis, J.E.S., Figueiredo, A.M.G., Platinum group elements and gold determination in NiS fire assay buttons by UV laser ablation ICP-MS (1998) Geostand. Newsl., 22 (1), pp. 47-55Morcelli, C.P.R., Figueiredo, A.M.G., Enzweiler, J., Sarkis, J.E.S., Jorge, A.P.S., Kakazu, M., Determination of platinum group elements in geological reference materials by HR-ICP-MS after nickel sulfide fire-assay collection and Te co-precipitation (2004) Geostand. Geoanal. Res., 28 (2)Morton, O., Puchelt, H., Hernández, E., Lounejeva, E., Traffic-related platinum group elements (PGE) in soils from Mexico City (2001) J. Geochem. Explor., 72, pp. 223-227Palacios, M.A., Gómez, M.M., Maldovan, M., Morrison, G., Rauch, S., McLeod, C., Platinum-group elements: Quantification in collected exhaust fumes and studies of catalyst surfaces (2000) Sci. Total Environ., 257, pp. 1-15Rauch, S., Morrison, G.M., Motelica-Heino, M., Donard, O.F.X., Muris, M., Elemental association and fingerprint of traffic-related metals in road sediments (2000) Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, pp. 3119-3123Rosner, G., Merget, R., Evaluation of the health risk of platinum emissions from automotive emission control catalysts (2000) Anthropogenic Platinum Group Element Emissions. Their Impact on Man and Environment, pp. 267-281. , F. Zereini F. Alt SpringerSchafer, J., Puchelt, H., Platinum group metals (PGM) emitted from automobile catalytic converters and their distribution in roadside soils (1998) J. Geochem. Explor., 64, pp. 301-314Schafer, J., Hannker, D., Echardt, J., Stben, D., Uptake of traffic-related heavy metals and platinum group elements (PGE) by plants (1998) Sci. Total Environ., 215, pp. 59-67Schlogl, R., Indlekofer, G., Oelhafen, P., Mikropartikelemissionen von Verbrennungsmotoren mit Abgasreinigung- Rontgen-Photoelektronenspektroskopie in der Umweltanalytik (1987) Angew. Chem., 99, pp. 312-322Shibuya, E.K., Sarkis, J.E., Enzweiler, J., Jorge, P.S., Figueiredo, A.M.G., Determination of platinum group elements and gold in geological materials using an ultraviolet laser ablation high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric technique (1998) J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 13, pp. 941-944Stockman, H.W., Neutron determination of noble metals in rocks a rapid radiochemical separation based on tellurium coprecipitation (1983) J. Radioanal. Chem., 78 (2), pp. 307-317Wedepohl, K.H., The composition of the continental crust (1995) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, pp. 1217-1232Whiteley, J.D., Murray, F., Anthropogenic platinum group element (Pt, Pd and Rh) concentrations in road dust and roadside soils from Perth, Western Australia (2003) Sci. Total Environ., 317, pp. 121-135Zambello, F.R., Enzweiler, J., Multi-element analysis of soils and sediments by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (2002) J. Soils Sediments, 2 (1), pp. 29-36Zereini, F., Skerstupp, B., Alt, F., Helmers, E., Urban, H., Geochemical behaviour of platinum-group elements (PGE) in particulate emissions by automobile exhaust catalysts: Experimental results and environmental investigations (1997) Sci. Total Environ., 206, pp. 137-146Zereini, F., Dirksen, F., Skerstupp, B., Urban, H., Sources of anthropogenic platinum-group elements (PGE): Automotive catalysts versus PGE-processing industries (1998) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 5 (4), pp. 223-230Zereini, F., Skerstupp, B., Rankenburg, F., Dirksen, F., Beyer, J.M., Claus, T., Anthropogenic emission of platinum-group elements (Pt, Pd and Rh) into the environment: Concentration, distribution and geochemical behaviour in soils (2000) Anthropogenic Platinum Group Element Emissions. Their Impact on Man and Environment, pp. 73-83. , F. Zereini F. Alt SpringerZereini, F., Wiseman, C., Beyer, J.M., Artelt, S., Urban, H., Platinum, lead and cerium concentrations of street particulate matter (Frankfurt am Main, Germany) (2001) J. Soils Sediments, 3, pp. 188-19

Metal Contamination In Urban Park Soils Of São Paulo

There has been little research on metal concentration levels in urban soils of São Paulo, a city with 19 million inhabitants with severe pollution problems. In the present study, the concentration of As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn, were determined by INAA and XRF in surface soil samples from 7 public parks located within São Paulo city. The results obtained showed that soils of São Paulo public parks present concentration levels of the studied elements higher than the reference values for soils in São Paulo State. Traffic related elements such as Cu, Pb and Zn presented high concentrations in parks located near avenues of highly dense traffic and may be associated to vehicular sources. © 2009 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.2802419425Imperato, M., Adamo, P., Arienzo, M., Stanzione, D., Violante, P., (2003) Eviron. Pollut., 124, p. 247Manta, D.S., Angelone, M., Bellanda, A., Neri, R., Sprovieri, M., (2002) Sci. Total Environ., 300, p. 229Pichtel, J., Sawyerr, H.T., Czarnowska, K., (1997) Environ. Pollut., 98, p. 169De Miguel, E., De Grado, M.J., Llamas, J.F., Martín-Dorado, A., Mazadiego, L.F., (1998) Sci. Total Environ., 215, p. 113Lee, C.S., Li, X., Shi, W., Cheung, S.C., Thornton, L., (2006) Sci. Total Environ., 356, p. 45Biasioli, M., Barberis, R., Ajmone-Marsan, F., (2006) Sci. Total Environ., 356, p. 154Ljung, K., Selinus, O., Otabbong, E., (2006) Sci. Total Environ., 366, p. 749Abrahams, P.W., (2002) Sci. Total Environ., 291, p. 1Thorton, I., Bullock, P., Gregory, P.J., Metal Contamination of Soils in Urban Areas (1991) Soils in the Urban Environment, p. 47. , Blackwell London(2004) Relatório de Qualidade Do Ar No Estado de São Paulo 2003, , CETESB. CETESB São PauloMolina, M.J., Molina, L.T., (2004) J. Air Waste Managem. Assoc., 54, p. 644Users' Guide and Background Technical Document for USEPA Region 9's Preliminary Remediation Goals (PRG) Table, , http://www.epa.gov/region09/waste/sfund/prg/index.html, Environmental Protection Agency PRG 2004 TableHildemann, L.M., Markoxski, G.R., Cass, G.R., (1991) Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, p. 744Van-Camp, L., Bujarrabal, B., Gentile, A.-R., Jones, R.J.A., Montanarella, L., Olazabal, C., Selvaradjou, S.-K., (2004) Reports of the Technical Working Groups Established under the Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection, , Office for Official Publications of the European Communities LuxembourgLu, Y., Gong, Z.T., Zhang, G.L., Burghardt, W., (2003) Geoderma, 115, p. 101Chen, T.B., Wong, W.J.C., Zhou, H.Y., Wong, M.H., (1997) Environ. Pollut., 96, p. 61Gibson, M.G., Farmer, J.G., (1986) Environ. Pollut., B11, p. 11