Heightened Olfactory Sensitivity in Young Females with Recent-Onset Anorexia Nervosa and Recovered Individuals

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Olfaction may be related to food restriction and weight loss. However, reports regarding olfactory function in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have been inconclusive.</p><p>Objective</p><p>Characterize olfactory sensitivity and identification in female adolescents and young adults with first-episode AN and young females recovered from AN.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We used the Sniffin’ Sticks Odor Threshold Test and Odor Identification Test to assess 43 participants with first-episode AN, 27 recovered participants, and 39 control participants. Participants completed the Importance of Olfaction questionnaire, the Beck Youth Inventory and the Eating Disorder Inventory. We also conducted a psychiatric diagnostic interview and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule with participants.</p><p>Results</p><p>Both clinical groups showed heightened olfactory sensitivity. After excluding participants with depression, participants with first-episode AN identified more odors than recovered participants.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Heightened olfactory sensitivity in AN may be independent of clinical status, whereas only individuals with current AN and without depression show more accurate odor identification.</p></div

Demographic and clinical characterization of participants with first-episode AN, participants recovered from AN, and controls.

<p>Demographic and clinical characterization of participants with first-episode AN, participants recovered from AN, and controls.</p

Sniffin´Sticks Odor Identification Test and Odor Threshold Test results.

<p>Sniffin´Sticks Odor Identification Test and Odor Threshold Test results.</p

Importance of Olfaction Questionnaire results, age weighted mean.

<p>Importance of Olfaction Questionnaire results, age weighted mean.</p

Unadjusted and adjusted olfaction test score means with confidence intervals.

<p>Unadjusted and adjusted olfaction test score means with confidence intervals.</p

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Open and Calm – A randomized controlled trial evaluating a public stress reduction program in Denmark

Sample characteristics. (DOCX 24 kb

Additional file 5: Panel S2. of Open and Calm – A randomized controlled trial evaluating a public stress reduction program in Denmark

Open and Calm participants’ changes in cortisol secretion dynamics. (PDF 60 kb

Additional file 4: Table S2. of Open and Calm – A randomized controlled trial evaluating a public stress reduction program in Denmark

Treatment effects on cortisol and visual attention. (DOCX 29 kb

Additional file 1 of Family-based cognitive behavioural therapy versus family-based relaxation therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents (the TECTO trial): a statistical analysis plan for the randomised clinical trial

Additional file 1: Table 1. Participant characteristics. Figure 1. CONSORT flow diagram. Figure 2. Psychopathology and family burden. Figure 3. Response status at 16 weeks. Figure 4. Negative effects questionnaire. Supplemental Table 1. Detailed comorbidities. Supplemental Table 2. Psychopathology and family burden. Supplemental Table 3. Kidscreen-52. Supplemental Timeline. Supplemental Assumptions