8 research outputs found
Managerial Style and Firm Value
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74402/1/1540-6229.00741.pd
Acid-Base Disturbances in the Intensive Care Unit: Current Issues and the Use of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy as a Customized Treatment Tool
Cellular volume regulation in salinity stressed molluscs: The response ofNoetia ponderosa (Arcidae) red blood cells to osmotic variation
A Minimal Transcription Activation Domain Consisting of a Specific Array of Aspartic Acid and Leucine Residues
Embracing âembedded securityâ: the OSCE's understated but significant role in the European security architecture
Preserving accuracy in GenBank
GenBank, the public repository for nucleotide and protein sequences, is a critical resource for molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and ecology. While some attention has been drawn to sequence errors, common annotation errors also reduce the value of this database. In fact, for organisms such as fungi, which are notoriously difficult to identify, up to 20% of DNA sequence records may have erroneous lineage designations in GenBank. Gene function annotation in protein sequence databases is similarly error-prone. Because identity and function of new sequences are often determined by bioinformatic analyses, both types of errors are propagated into new accessions, leading to long-term degradation of the quality of the database. Currently, primary sequence data are annotated by the authors of those data, and can only be reannotated by the same authors. This is inefficient and unsustainable over the long term as authors eventually leave the field. Although it is possible to link third-party databases to GenBank records, this is a short-term solution that has little guarantee of permanence. Similarly, the current third-party annotation option in GenBank (TPA) complicates rather than solves the problem by creating an identical record with a new annotation, while leaving the original record unflagged and unlinked to the new record. Since the origin of public zoological and botanical specimen collections, an open system of cumulative annotation has evolved, whereby the original name is retained, but additional opinion is directly appended and used for filing and retrieval. This was needed as new specimens and analyses allowed for reevaluation of older specimens and the original depositors became unavailable. The time has come for the public sequence database to incorporate a community-curated, cumulative annotation process that allows third parties to improve the annotations of sequences when warranted by published peer-reviewed analyses.Fil: Bidartondo, Martin I.. Imperial College London; Reino Unido. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino UnidoFil: Bruns, Thomas D.. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Blackwell, Meredith. Louisiana State University; Estados UnidosFil: Edwards, Ivan. University of Michigan; Estados UnidosFil: Taylor, Andy F. S.. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SueciaFil: Bianchinotti, Maria Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - BahĂa Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona SemiĂĄrida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona SemiĂĄrida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Padamsee, Mahajabeen. University of Minnesota; Estados UnidosFil: Callac, Philippe. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Lima, Nelson. Universidade do Minho; PortugalFil: White, Merlin M.. Boise State University; Estados UnidosFil: Barreau Daly, Camila. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Juncai, M. A.. Chinese Academy of Sciences; RepĂșblica de ChinaFil: Buyck, Bart. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; FranciaFil: Rabeler, Richard K.. University of Michigan; Estados UnidosFil: Liles, Mark R.. Auburn University; Estados UnidosFil: Estes, Dwayne. Austin Peay State University; Estados UnidosFil: Carter, Richard. Valdosta State University; Estados UnidosFil: Herr Jr., J. M.. University of South Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Chandler, Gregory. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Kerekes, Jennifer. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Cruse Sanders, Jennifer. Salem College Herbarium; Estados UnidosFil: GalĂĄn Marquez, R.. Universidad de AlcalĂĄ; EspañaFil: Horak, Egon. Zurich Herbarium; SuizaFil: Fitzsimons, Michael. University of Chicago; Estados UnidosFil: Döering, Heidi. Royal Botanic Gardens; Reino UnidoFil: Yao, Su. China Center of Industrial Culture Collection; ChinaFil: Hynson, Nicole. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Ryberg, Martin. University Goteborg; SueciaFil: Arnold, A. E.. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Hughes, Karen. University of Tennessee; Estados Unido