Teacher Support as a Moderator of Behavioral Outcomes for Youth Exposed to Stressful Life Events

The present study examined the relationship between teacher support, life stress, and behavioral outcomes in 103 youth. Participants completed questionnaires regarding life events, social support, personality, and behavior. Moderated regression analyses were conducted using youth perceptions of teacher support and negative life events to predict externalizing and internalizing problems. Results revealed a significant interaction between teacher support and life stress, indicating teacher support successfully moderated the effect of stress on externalizing problems. Main effects for life stress were consistent with previous literature suggesting that higher amounts of stress predict greater externalizing and internalizing problems. Implications for teacher support are discussed

Teacher Support as a Moderator of Behavioral Outcomes for Youth Exposed to Stressful Life Events

The present study examined the relationship between teacher support, life stress, and behavioral outcomes in 103 youth. Participants completed questionnaires regarding life events, social support, personality, and behavior. Moderated regression analyses were conducted using youth perceptions of teacher support and negative life events to predict externalizing and internalizing problems. Results revealed a significant interaction between teacher support and life stress, indicating teacher support successfully moderated the effect of stress on externalizing problems. Main effects for life stress were consistent with previous literature suggesting that higher amounts of stress predict greater externalizing and internalizing problems. Implications for teacher support are discussed

A Phos-Tag-Based Approach Reveals the Extent of Physiological Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress or unfolded protein response (UPR) is a key defense mechanism associated with many human diseases. Despite its basic and clinical importance, the extent of ER stress inflicted by physiological and pathophysiological conditions remains difficult to quantitate, posing a huge obstacle that has hindered our further understanding of physiological UPR and its future therapeutic potential. Here we have optimized a Phos-tag-based system to detect the activation status of two proximal UPR sensors at the ER membrane. This method allowed for a quantitative assessment of the level of stress in the ER. Our data revealed quantitatively the extent of tissue-specific basal ER stress as well as ER stress caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins and the fasting-refeeding cycle. Our study may pave the foundation for future studies on physiological UPR, aid in the diagnosis of ER-associated diseases and improve and facilitate therapeutic strategies targeting UPR in vivo

Protein quality control: the who’s who, the where’s and therapeutic escapes

In cells the quality of newly synthesized proteins is monitored in regard to proper folding and correct assembly in the early secretory pathway, the cytosol and the nucleoplasm. Proteins recognized as non-native in the ER will be removed and degraded by a process termed ERAD. ERAD of aberrant proteins is accompanied by various changes of cellular organelles and results in protein folding diseases. This review focuses on how the immunocytochemical labeling and electron microscopic analyses have helped to disclose the in situ subcellular distribution pattern of some of the key machinery proteins of the cellular protein quality control, the organelle changes due to the presence of misfolded proteins, and the efficiency of synthetic chaperones to rescue disease-causing trafficking defects of aberrant proteins

Measuring Spirituality in Children

Spirituality is an integral part of the study of humanity and resilience. The Youth Spirituality Scale (YSS) was written to be a developmentally appropriate, inclusive measure of spirituality for children. The scale consists of 19 items and one item to identify invalid responding. A pilot study with a diverse sample of 175 youth, ages 7 to 14, suggests the YSS has good internal reliability and a second study with 144 participants ages 8 to 15 indicates it correlates significantly with relevant subscales from the Brief Multidimensional Measurement of Religiousness-Spirituality. Results suggest the measure is a reliable and valid way to assess spirituality in children. Future research to further validate the YSS and explore the relation between spirituality and other factors is recommended

Social Support Provisions as Differential Predicators of Adaptive Outcomes in Young Adolescents

Social support provisions were examined in relation to negative life events, adaptive skills, hope, and grade point average in a sample of 103 inner-city youth (ages 11–14). Analyses focused on seven support provisions: social integration, attachment, guidance and information, reliable alliance, reassurance of worth, nurturance, and instrumental support. For boys, the provision of guidance and information was most strongly related to adaptive skills and grade point average, whereas attachment and reassurance of worth were the strongest predictors of hopefulness. The relation between support provisions and outcomes was less pronounced in the girls. Results underscore the multidimensional nature of social support and emphasize the differential ways in which support networks and their underlying dimensions relate to adaptive outcomes in young adolescents

Family Protective Factors and Behavioral Outcome: The Role of Appraisal in Family Life Events

In this study we examined the relation among family life events, appraisal, and family protective factors in predicting behavioral outcome in 260 school-age children. Hierarchical analyses were conducted using appraisal-based calculations of family events and ratings on three potential family protective factors: family relations, personal growth, and systems maintenance.The results indicated several main effects for personal growth experiences, the negatively appraised, and the positively appraised family stress scores on adaptive behavior. In addition, two significant interactions were found among negatively endorsed family events and personal growth experiences, positive family relationships, and internalizing behavior. The forms of these interactions indicate that personal growth and family relationships appear to increase internalizing behavior as negatively endorsed family stress events increase.The contextual role of potential family protective factors and the influence of differential appraisal are discussed

Family Protective Factors and Behavioral Outcome: The Role of Appraisal in Family Life Events

In this study we examined the relation among family life events, appraisal, and family protective factors in predicting behavioral outcome in 260 school-age children. Hierarchical analyses were conducted using appraisal-based calculations of family events and ratings on three potential family protective factors: family relations, personal growth, and systems maintenance.The results indicated several main effects for personal growth experiences, the negatively appraised, and the positively appraised family stress scores on adaptive behavior. In addition, two significant interactions were found among negatively endorsed family events and personal growth experiences, positive family relationships, and internalizing behavior. The forms of these interactions indicate that personal growth and family relationships appear to increase internalizing behavior as negatively endorsed family stress events increase.The contextual role of potential family protective factors and the influence of differential appraisal are discussed

Reporting of Demographics, Methodology, and Ethical Procedures in Journals in Pediatric and Child Psychology

Focuses on the identification of potential problems in methodology reporting that may limit research interpretations and generalization in child psychology. Variability in articles reporting key demographic, methodological and ethical procedure information; Lack of necessary information about characteristics of participation sample