Bases moléculaires de la résistance à différents antibiotiques chez enterococcus faecium et streptococcus pneumoniae

CHATENAY M.-PARIS 11-BU Pharma. (920192101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Green, zero-waste pathway to fabricate supported nanocatalysts and anti-kinetoplastid agents from sugarcane bagasse

The conversion processes of sugarcane into direct-consumption sugar and juice are generating a tremendous amount of waste, the so-called sugarcane bagasse. Biochar preparation is among the practical solutions aiming to valorize this agrowaste and make it of a high added value functional material (FM). Herein, we propose a novel zero-waste pathway where sugarcane bagasse was first dispersed in a hydroalcoholic solution and the dispersion was then ultrasonicated in order to extract natural reducing and capping agents. Subsequently, silver and copper ions were added to get adsorbed under a controlled atmosphere prior to heat treatment. The suspension was later filtered to provide (i) Ag/Cu-Ag+/Cu2+-loaded biomass sludge, and (ii) a clear filtrate containing residual metal ions which was microwaved in order to generate unsupported Ag/Cu nanoparticles (NPs). The free Ag/Cu nanoparticles (FM2) were tested as anti-kinetoplastid material against two flagellate models namely Leishmania spp and Trypanosoma cruzi. Free Ag/Cu nanoparticles showed the highest leishmanicidal and trypanocidal effects with an IC50 of 2.909 ± 0.051; 3.580 ± 0.016 and 3.020 ± 0.372 ppm for L.donovani, L. amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively. The impregnated biomass was pyrolyzed to provide Ag/Cu-loaded biochar (FM1). The latter exhibited high catalytic activity in the total mineralization of methylene blue. The experimental data followed the first and the pseudo-second order rate laws with apparent mineralization rate constants K1 45 10-3 min-1 and K2 0.115 g.mg-1.min-1, respectively. To sum up, sugarcane bagasse agrowaste was valorized as a source of natural reducing agents of metal ions into free and biochar-supported metallic nanoparticles. In this way, we combine two concepts: green chemistry and valorization of agrowaste in a full zero-waste process, for addressing pollution and neglected tropical disease issues

Strong anti-kinetoplastid activity of silver nanoparticle-coated biochar

Neglected tropical diseases including Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis remains a serious health problem in several endemic. To address this medical problem, much has been done in the past 15 years to design nanomaterials with effective anti-kinetoplastids activity, particularly those nanomaterials based on gold and silver nanoparticles. Herein, we describe a simple method to prepare silver-loaded biochar by pyrolysis of silver nitrate-impregnated agrowaste powder (from olive stones). The resulting Biochar@Ag was prepared at 400 °C for 15 minutes only and the yield was found to be 36.5 %. The supported metallic Ag nanoparticles have triangular shape in the nanoscale regime (< 100 nm) and a loading of 7.85 mmol per gram of Biochar@Ag. The Biochar@Ag showed promising antiparasitic activity against promastigotes stage of L. donovani, L. amazonensis and epimastigotes of T. cruzi with and IC50 of 9.942 ± 0.900 ppm; 14.555 ± 1.035 ppm and 12.154 ± 0.206 ppm, respectively. From the above, this work conclusively demonstrates that slow pyrolysis is a unique thermochemical approach to valorize agrowastes into highly effective anti-kinetoplastid silver-loaded biochar with remarkably low cytotoxicity towards murine macrophages

Synthèse aisée de biochar incorporant de l'argent comme nouvel agent anti-kinetoplastide biosourcé hautement actif

International audienc

Should We Quantify Valvular Calcifications on Cardiac CT in Patients with Infective Endocarditis?

Background: Evaluate the impact of valvular calcifications measured on cardiac computed tomography (CCT) in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Methods: Seventy patients with native IE (36 aortic IE, 31 mitral IE, 3 bivalvular IE) were included and explored with CCT between January 2016 and April 2018. Mitral and aortic valvular calcium score (VCS) were measured on unenhanced calcium scoring images, and correlated with clinical, surgical data, and 1-year death rate. Results: VCS of patients with mitral IE and no peripheral embolism was higher than those with peripheral embolism (868 (25–1725) vs. 6 (0–95), p &lt; 0.05). Patients with high calcified mitral IE (mitral VCS &gt; 100; n = 15) had a lower rate of surgery (40.0% vs.78.9%; p = 0.03) and a higher 1-year-death risk (53.3% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.04; OR = 8.5 (2.75–16.40) than patients with low mitral VCS (n = 19). Patients with aortic IE and high aortic calcifications (aortic VCS &gt; 100; n = 18) present more frequently atypical bacteria on blood cultures (33.3% vs. 4.8%; p = 0.03) than patients with low aortic VCS (n = 21). Conclusion: The amount of valvular calcifications on CT was associated with embolism risk, rate of surgery and 1-year risk of death in patients with mitral IE, and germ’s type in aortic IE raising the question of their systematic quantification in native IE

Replacing protein via enteral nutrition in a stepwise approach in critically ill patients: the REPLENISH randomized clinical trial protocol

Abstract Background Protein intake is recommended in critically ill patients to mitigate the negative effects of critical illness-induced catabolism and muscle wasting. However, the optimal dose of enteral protein remains unknown. We hypothesize that supplemental enteral protein (1.2 g/kg/day) added to standard enteral nutrition formula to achieve high amount of enteral protein (range 2–2.4 g/kg/day) given from ICU day 5 until ICU discharge or ICU day 90 as compared to no supplemental enteral protein to achieve moderate amount enteral protein (0.8–1.2 g/kg/day) would reduce all-cause 90-day mortality in adult critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. Methods The REPLENISH (Replacing Protein Via Enteral Nutrition in a Stepwise Approach in Critically Ill Patients) trial is an open-label, multicenter randomized clinical trial. Patients will be randomized to the supplemental protein group or the control group. Patients in both groups will receive the primary enteral formula as per the treating team, which includes a maximum protein 1.2 g/kg/day. The supplemental protein group will receive, in addition, supplemental protein at 1.2 g/kg/day starting the fifth ICU day. The control group will receive the primary formula without supplemental protein. The primary outcome is 90-day all-cause mortality. Other outcomes include functional and quality of life assessments at 90 days. The trial will enroll 2502 patients. Discussion The study has been initiated in September 2021. Interim analysis is planned at one third and two thirds of the target sample size. The study is expected to be completed by the end of 2025. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04475666 . Registered on July 17, 2020