Childhood behaviour problems show the greatest gap between DNA-based and twin heritability

For most complex traits, DNA-based heritability (‘SNP heritability’) is roughly half that of twin-based heritability. A previous report from the Twins Early Development Study suggested that this heritability gap is much greater for childhood behaviour problems than for other domains. If true, this finding is important because SNP heritability, not twin heritability, is the ceiling for genome-wide association studies. With twice the sample size as the previous report, we estimated SNP heritabilities (N up to 4653 unrelated individuals) and compared them with twin heritabilities from the same sample (N up to 4724 twin pairs) for diverse domains of childhood behaviour problems as rated by parents, teachers, and children themselves at ages 12 and 16. For 37 behaviour problem measures, the average twin heritability was 0.52, whereas the average SNP heritability was just 0.06. In contrast, results for cognitive and anthropometric traits were more typical (average twin and SNP heritabilities were 0.58 and 0.28, respectively). Future research should continue to investigate the reasons why SNP heritabilities for childhood behaviour problems are so low compared with twin estimates, and find ways to maximise SNP heritability for genome-wide association studies

Financial and developmental instability of regions and the well-being of local communities

W artykule podjęto zagadnienia dysproporcji rozwojowych regionów w Polsce, problemów związanych z finansowaniem jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w kontekście stabilności finansowej, jak również zróżnicowania społeczno-gospodarczego w poziomie i jakości życia społeczeństwa (gospodarstw domowych). Przedstawiono i usystematyzowano badania dotyczące rozwoju regionalnego, jak również wskazano działania mające na celu zmniejszanie dysproporcji w rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczym polskich regionów.The paper addresses the developmental disparities among Polish regions and the problems of financing local authorities in the context of financial stability. Additionally, the socio-economic differences of living standards and the quality of life of the society (households) is analysed. Research into regional development is discussed and systematized. Actions to reduce imbalances in socio-economic development of Polish regions are proposed

Restitution of Jewish property in the Czech Republic New developments

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:7762.3542(IJA-RR--7) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Jewish restitution and compensation claims in Eastern Europe and former USSR

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:7762.3542(IJA-RR--2/1993) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Electrical and optical study of transparent V-based oxide semiconductors prepared by magnetron sputtering under different conditions

This work is focused on structural, optical and electrical behaviors of vanadium-based oxide thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering under different conditions. Thin films have been deposited on glass substrates from metallic vanadium target at low sputtering pressure. Different working gases: argon/oxygen mixture, and especially pure oxygen gas, have been applied. Results of X-ray diffraction together with optical transmission and temperature- dependent electrical resistivity measurements have been presented. Transmission coefficient, cut-off wavelength and the width of the optical band gap have been calculated from optical measurements. The d.c. resistivity values at room temperature and thermal activation energy have been obtained from electrical investigations. The influence of sputtering process conditions on optical and electrical properties has been discussed

Properties of Nanocrystalline TiO2:VTiO_{2}:V Thin Films as a Transparent Semiconducting Oxides

In this work the nanocrystalline $TiO_{2}$ thin films doped with vanadium in amount of 19 at.% and 23 at.% prepared by magnetron sputtering method have been presented. The transmission measurements shows that V-doped $TiO_{2}$ thin films were transparent in ca. 81% in the visible range of light spectrum. On the basis of electrical examinations it was found that fabricated $TiO_2:V$ thin films are semiconductors at room temperature and have different type of electrical conduction depending on the amount of vanadium dopant applied

Antistatic Properties of Nanofilled Coatings

The results of antistatic and electrical properties investigations of nanofilled coatings have been presented. Antistatic performance of materials is essential not only due to safety and preventing of dust and dirt attraction but also effects on an electrical field distribution in the high voltage insulating systems. The polymer coating added with silver and silica nanoparticles were examined by charge decay measurements after corona charging. The charge decay times have varied appreciably between the nanofilled coatings while the volume and surface resistivity of the all tested coatings did not demonstrate meaningful differences. The polyester coating dissipated fairly better than polyesterimide because of its structure and permittivity. It was found that the ability of surface to drain charge away is the better for coatings with of silver nanoparticles whereas the coatings modified with nanosilica shows the poor antistatic properties; the times of charge decay were four order longer then that of unmodified coatings. Barrier properties of nanosilica may be adverse for charge decay

Photocatalytic properties of Ti–V oxides thin films

In this work, the photocatalytic properties of Ti–V oxides thin films with 19 and 23 at.% of vanadium addition have been outlined. The films were deposited by the high energy reactive magnetron sputtering method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were done in order to determine the chemical composition and binding energy of the elements on the samples surface. Additionally, based on wettability measurements, the water contact angles were evaluated and were equal to ca. 94° and 55° for thin films with 19 and 23 at.% of V, respectively. This testifies about hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, respectively. Photoactivity of thin films was determined by percent decomposition of phenol for 5 hours during UV–vis radiation exposure. The highest photocatalytic activity of 6.2%/cm2 was obtained for thin films with 19 at.% of V. It has been found that an increase in V amount in Ti–V oxides thin films to 23 at.% results in lowered to 3%/cm2 photocatalytic activity

Thin Films Based on Nanocrystalline TiO2TiO_{2} for Transparent Electronics

In this work, investigations of structural, optical and electrical properties of transparent oxide semiconductor thin films based on $TiO_{2}$ doped with Eu, Pd and Tb, Pd have been presented. The transparent oxide semiconductor nanocrystalline thin films were prepared by magnetron sputtering process. It was shown that doping with selected elements results in semiconducting properties of prepared thin films of oxides with p-($TiO_{2}$:(Tb, Pd)) or n-type ($TiO_{2}$:(Eu, Pd)) of electrical conduction

Jewish property in Central and Eastern Europe New development in restitution and compensation claims

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:7762.3542(IJA-RR--5) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo