Epidémiologie de la peste des petits ruminants (PPR) et de la peste bovine au Mali : enquêtes sérologiques

Dans le cadre de l'épidémiosurveillance de la peste bovine au Mali, une enquête sérologique a été conduite dans 58 troupeaux de petits ruminants. Sur 567 sérums analysés pour la détection des anticorps anti-peste bovine, deux seulement se sont révélés positifs. Ils proviennent de deux animaux âgés de plus de 6 ans et donc probablement contaminés lors de la dernière épidémie de peste bovine survenue en 1986. Il est probable que le virus bovipestique ne circule plus au Mali depuis cette date. En revanche, l'infection des chèvres et des moutons avec le virus de la peste des petits ruminants semble être importante : 74 % des troupeaux ont déjà été contaminés. La prévalence de l'infection individuelle est de 32 %. Une enquête sérologique similaire conduite chez 450 bovins dépourvus d'anticorps anti-peste bovine a montré que 1,78 % de ces animaux a été en contact avec le virus PPR. Avec un taux si faible d'infection de bovins, le virus PPR n'a probablement pas d'incidence sur l'épidémiologie de la peste bovine au Mali

Assessing Groundwater Mineralization Process, Quality, and Isotopic Recharge Origin in the Sahel Region in Africa

In the Sahel region in Africa, and in most arid regions, groundwater is the crucial source for water supply since surface water is scarce. This study aimed to understand a complex geochemical mechanism controlling the mineralization process in the Taoudeni Basin. A thousand randomly distributed groundwater samples acquired from different aquifers were used for this research. The results show that the majority of the samples observed are of the Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3− and Na+-HCO3− types depending on the different aquifers. Mg2+ and Ca2+ may react with HCO3− precipitating as calcite and dolomite. The Na+-HCO3− groundwater type is mainly derived from the ion exchange process. This type indicates a paleo-marine depositional environment or that it passes through paleo-marine channels. Calcium of the standard Ca2+-HCO3− groundwater type exchanges with the sodium. Groundwater is characterized by the water-rock interactions that indicate the chemical alteration of the rock-forming minerals influencing its quality by a dissolution. The δ2H and δ18O stable isotopes designate the evaporation importance in the basin and recharge with recent rain. The bicarbonate-type presence in groundwater suggests that it is young and fresh water. Multivariate statistical methods, notably Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, confirm affinities among the aquifers and identify three main clusters grouped into two water types. Cluster 1 consists of Infra-Cambrian and Quaternary aquifers, whereas cluster2 includes the Precambrian basement and Permian-Triassic aquifers

Fisheries Centre research reports, Vol. 17, no. 4

Directed forward. Extended abstract. Resume etendu. Introduction. 1. Materiel et methodes. 2. Resultats. 3. Discussion - Conclusion. Remerciements. References. Appendices.Fisheries Centre (FC)UnreviewedFacultyResearcherGraduat

Changes in arterial stiffness indices during a single haemodialysis session in end-stage renal disease population: a systematic review and metaanalysis protocol

International audienceIntroduction: Patients with end-stage renal disease are at higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, a risk mediated in part by increased aortic stiffness. Arterial stiffness is assessed at different anatomical locations (central elastic or peripheral muscular arteries) using a variety of mechanical biomarkers. However, little is known on the robustness of each of these mechanical biomarkers following a haemodynamic stress caused by a single haemodialysis (HD) session.Methods and analysis: A systematic review has been designed and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. A targeted search strategy applicable in key databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and grey literature) is constructed to search articles and reviews from inception to 16 October 2020. Only articles of studies conducted with adults under chronic HD for kidney failure, with repeated measures of arterial stiffness metrics (pulse wave velocity, Augmentation Index, arterial distensibility or stiffness) following a before-and-after design surrounding a HD session will be selected. The screening process, data extraction and assessment of risk bias will be done by two independent pairs of reviewers. Meta-analysis will enable adjustments for potential confounders and subgroup analyses will be performed to discriminate changes in arterial stiffness metrics from elastic, muscular or global arterial territories.Ethics and dissemination: This study does not require ethical approval. Findings will be submitted for publication to relevant peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at profession-specific conferences.Prospero registration number: CRD42020213946

Multimodality approach to treat calciphylaxis in end-stage kidney disease patients

AbstractA multimodality approach has been proposed as an effective treatment for calciphylaxis in patients with end-stage kidney disease. In this retrospective study, we report the cases of 12 end-stage kidney disease patients from l’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec hospital (Canada) who were diagnosed with calciphylaxis between 2004 and 2012 and treated with a multimodality clinical approach including sodium thiosulfate (STS). Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the impacts of patients characteristics, the different interventions as well as therapy regimen on the therapeutic response. The majority of patients (n = 9) were hemodialyzed. The patients-associated comorbidities were consistent with previously reported risk factors for calciphylaxis: Diabetes (n = 11), calcium-based phosphate binders use (n = 10), warfarin use (n = 9), obesity (n = 7), female gender (n = 8) and intravenous iron use (n = 8). STS was given for a median duration of 81 days. 75% of the patients had a response (total or partial) including a complete response in 42% of patients. One-year mortality rate was low (25%). STS was used during a mean duration of 83.33 ± 41.52 days and with a total cumulating dose of 1129.00 ± 490.58 g. The recorded mean time before a complete response was 102.20 days (51–143). Pain improvement occurred after a mean time of 8.67 ± 10.06 days. None of the studied factors was statistically associated with a complete or a partial response to the multimodality approach. Although our data have a limited statistical power, they support treating calciphylaxis with a multimodality approach including STS as its effects are independent from important clinical variables