Mathematical Modelling of Blood Flow through Catheterized Artery under the Influence of Body Acceleration with Slip Velocity

The flow of blood through stenosed catheterized artery with the effect of external body acceleration has been considered. The pulsatile flow behaviour of blood in an artery subjected to the pulsatile pressure gradient and slip velocity has been studied considering blood as a Newtonian fluid. The non-linear differential equations governing the fluid flow are solved using the perturbation method. The analytic expressions are derived for the velocity profile, flow rate, wall shear stress and effective viscosity. The computer codes are developed for the analysis of physiological parameters. The effects of various parameters on blood flow are discussed through graphs. It is observed that insertion of catheter increases the wall shear stress enormously depending upon the size of the catheter. Body acceleration enhances the axial velocity and flow rate. However it is found that with the application of slip velocity, the wall shear stress is significantly decreases

Blood Flow through a Composite Stenosis in an Artery with Permeable Wall

The present work concerns the fluid mechanical study on the effects of the permeability of the wall through an artery with a composite stenosis. The expressions for the blood flow characteristics, the flow resistance, the wall shear stress, shearing stress at the stenosis throat have been derived. Results for the effect of permeability on these flow characteristics are shown graphically and discussed briefly

Improving Student Engagement and Performance in Computing Final Year Projects

There has been a seismic shift in the UK higher education landscape during the last decade. This has been driven by the formation of the Office for Students (OfS) and the introduction of the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF), where the emphasis has been on programmes offering students higher value when it comes to employability, retention and overall student experience. One of the critical challenges that impact student experience is being able to enhance student engagementwithin a learning environment. Final year individual projects, which are generally unstructured in nature, is a significant contributor to programmes of study, yet remains an area where this problem is exacerbated. In an attempt to address this issue, our earlier work lays the foundation for a teaching & learning framework covering computing final year projects. In this paper, we present an extension to the framework and its implementation in 2016/17 following its first trial run within a Computer Science department at a UK university in 2015/16. We discuss the two implementations in practice and provide operational guidance. A large-scale longitudinal empirical study considering the performance of 625 final year undergraduate students over a period of five years is presented to ascertain the effectiveness of the framework. The study finds a consistent and significant positive impact on both student performance and engagement as a result of the original framework and further gains from the enhancements

An Effective Framework for Enhancing Student Engagement and Performance in Final Year Projects

Over the years, there have been many factors that have influenced the landscape of higher education within the UK. These factors include the rise in tuition fees, the introduction of the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) and the formation of Office for Students. Although student performance plays a vital part, another significantly influential key performance indicator that impacts these factors is student experience, which is influenced by positive or negative feedback and engagement. Despite student engagement forming a key part of the learning environment, it is still perceived as one of the weakest aspects when it comes to enhancing the student experience. In this paper, we present the implementation of an innovative, holistic teaching & learning framework for the final year project module trialed within the Department of Engineering and Computing at the University of East London. This project module had been running in different forms since the inception of the undergraduate programmes within the department, however it generally yielded poor and inconsistent evaluation, student experience and engagement. The framework was introduced during the academic year 2015/16, where its evaluation has shown a positive impact on student engagement, performance and experience, compared to the previous year

A MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO STUDY THE SIMILARITIES OF BLOOD FLUID MODELS THROUGH INCLINED MULTI-STENOSED ARTERY

A mathematical model is presented to comparative steady of the flow behavior of Casson’s and Bingham Plastic fluid model through an inclined tube of non-uniform cross-section with multiple stenoses. The equation describing the flow has been solved and the expressions parameters on flow variables have been studied. The present study may be helpful for better understanding the flow characteristics of blood having multiple stenoses. The graphical representations have been made to validate the analytical findings with a view of its applicability to stenotic diseases. It is found that the flow of resistance increases with the height of the stenosis but decreases with the angle of inclination. The flow characteristics namely, velocity, pressure gradient, flow rate, resistance to flow have been derived. It is shown that the resistance to flow increases with the height of the secondary stenosis as well as with the yield stress. The results are compared with the available data presented by previous researchers

Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of Lung Presenting as Localized Bronchiectasis: A Case Report and Review of Literature

© 2018 The Authors Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) of the lung is a rare and aggressive biphasic lung tumor with a 5-year survival of 20%. Early detection and treatment is the only way to improve outcomes in patients with SC of the lung. We present a case of primary SC identified early based on high suspicion. A 56-year-old female with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presented with hemoptysis and exertional dyspnea. Chest X-ray revealed right upper lobe (RUL) opacity and patient was started on antibiotics for pneumonia. Due to the persistence of hemoptysis, a computed tomography scan was performed which showed RUL bronchiectasis with scattered nodular opacities suggestive of an infectious process. The patient underwent bronchoscopy which revealed a pedunculated mass in the RUL biopsy of which was consistent with poorly differentiated SC. Positron-emission tomography scan revealed Flourdeoxyglucose-avid right peri-hilar mass and another nodule in the RUL. The patient was not a surgical candidate because of severe COPD and was started on chemoradiation therapy. SC of the lung can have various presentations and is usually detected at a later stage and hence, difficult to treat. Our case highlights the importance of critical thinking and prompt diagnostic evaluation in high-risk patients with localized bronchiectasis even without an obvious lung mass on imaging

Hormone replacement therapy menopause with a better future--a survey of views on hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Objective: To assess the views and prescribing practices of doctors regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT).Methods: In April 1999, 103 doctors from a teaching hospital participated in a survey. Using a self-administered questionnaire, subjects were contacted at the departments of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Orthopaedics.Results: Seventy-two percent were below 40 years of age and 67% of the respondents were male. Most doctors believed that HRT decreases the risk of subsequent osteoporosis (97%), ischaemic heart disease (77%) and depression associated with menopause (64%). Doctors generally considered menopausal symptoms (90%), premature menopause (87%), surgical menopause (85%) and osteoporotic fracture (77%) as clear indications for hormone replacement therapy. Absolute contraindications to the therapy were stated as recent breast cancer (82%) and recent endometrial cancer (84%). Among the specialities covered, there were differing views on proposed duration of HRT. It was generally believed that a pelvic examination, cervical smear and mammography were pre-requisites when initiating and monitoring HRT. Majority (69%) felt that HRT should be offered to all menopausal women, assuming no contraindications and most (73%) did discuss HRT with their patients. However, less than 10% of the menopausal patients under their care were using HRT. Those doctors not in favor of universal offering of HRT (31%) considered unreliable patient follow up to be the main reason. Females were two times more likely to discuss HRT with their patients (p = .08). Doctors who discussed HRT with their patients were four times more likely to consider HRT for themselves or their spouses (p = .13). Gynecologists were eight times more likely to prescribe HRT than non-gynecologists (p = .001).CONCLUSION: Doctors are positively disposed to the universal offering, and use of HRT. Further studies are needed to understand a possible gap between perceived and actual prescribing practice

On the Internal Absorption of Galaxy Clusters

A study of the cores of galaxy clusters with the Einstein SSS indicated the presence of absorbing material corresponding to 1E+12 Msun of cold cluster gas, possibly resulting from cooling flows. Since this amount of cold gas is not confirmed by observations at other wavelengths, we examined whether this excess absorption is present in the ROSAT PSPC observations of 20 bright galaxy clusters. For 3/4 of the clusters, successful spectral fits were obtained with absorption due only to the Galaxy, and therefore no extra absorption is needed within the clusters, in disagreement with the results from the Einstein SSS data for some of the same clusters. For 1/4 of the clusters, none of our spectral fits was acceptable, suggesting a more complicated cluster medium than the two-temperature and cooling flow models considered here. However, even for these clusters, substantial excess absorption is not indicated.Comment: accepted by the Astrophysical Journa

Occupancy based household energy disaggregation using ultra wideband radar and electrical signature profiles

Human behaviour and occupancy accounts for a substantial proportion of variation in the energy efficiency pro le of domestic buildings. Yet while people often claim that they would like to reduce their energy bills, rhetoric frequently fails to match action due to the effort involved in understand- ing and changing deeply engrained energy consumption habits. Here, we present and, through dedicated experiments, test in-house developed soft-ware to remotely identify appliance energy usage within buildings, using energy equipment which could be placed at the electricity meter location. Furthermore, we monitor and compare the occupancy of the location under study through Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radar technology and compare the resulting data with those received from the power monitoring software, via time synchronization. These signals when mapped together can potentially provide both occupancy and speci c appliances power consumption, which could enable energy usage segregation on a yet impossible scale as well as usage attributable to occupancy behaviour. Such knowledge forms the basis for the implementation of automated energy saving actions based on a households unique energy profi le