Five Quantum Algorithms Using Quipper

Quipper is a recently released quantum programming language. In this report, we explore Quipper's programming framework by implementing the Deutsch's, Deutsch-Jozsa's, Simon's, Grover's, and Shor's factoring algorithms. It will help new quantum programmers in an instructive manner. We choose Quipper especially for its usability and scalability though it's an ongoing development project. We have also provided introductory concepts of Quipper and prerequisite backgrounds of the algorithms for readers' convenience. We also have written codes for oracles (black boxes or functions) for individual algorithms and tested some of them using the Quipper simulator to prove correctness and introduce the readers with the functionality. As Quipper 0.5 does not include more than \ensuremath{4 \times 4} matrix constructors for Unitary operators, we have also implemented \ensuremath{8 \times 8} and \ensuremath{16 \times 16} matrix constructors.Comment: 27 page

Comparison of feeding meat-strain chicks a nitrofuran, single sources and combination of antibiotics, and nitrofuran-antibiotic combination

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1963 S56Master of Scienc

Metabolomics Unraveling the Biochemical Insight of High Altitude Diseases and Sepsis A Narrative Review

High altitude diseases and sepsis may seem distinct at first glance, but there are underlying physiological similarities that lie in their responses to hypoxia, tissue dysfunction, inflammation, and multi-organ failure conditions. Understanding these commonalities can help medical professionals draw parallels between them and apply relevant knowledge to improve patient care and treatment.In this direction,a literature review of metabolomics-based studies has been done for high-altitude diseases and sepsis, and the panel of common disease-related metabolic markers and associated pathways areunraveled. Themetabolic pathways found dysregulated in both conditions are amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, inflammatory response-related metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism

Takayasu Arteritis Demographic Features, Diagnosis, Clinical Presentation and Angiographic Profile.

INTRODUCTION : Takayasu arteritis is an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the large elastic arteries, seen commonly in young patients and resulting in occlusive or ectatic changes, mainly in the aorta and its major branches1. Pathogenesis of Takayasu arteritis has long been studied, but the cause still remains uncertain. Patients often first notice disease symptoms in the second or third decades of life. Takayasu arteritis can present as pulseless upper extremities and so is commonly referred to as “pulseless disease”. AIM : To study the demographic profile, clinical presentation, diagnostic features, angiographic findings and treatment outcomes of patients with Takayasu arteritis. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES : 1. To study the demographic profile of Indian patients with Takayasu arteritis. 2. To study the modes of clinical presentation of patients with Takayasu arteritis. 3. Evaluation of the applicability of different diagnostic criteria to Indian patients with Takayasu arteritis. 4. To study the angiographic findings in Takayasu arteritis based on aortography, peripheral and coronary angiography and to asses response to medical therapy and interventions in Takayasu arteritis patients. METHODS : Observational study done in Department of Cardiology, Christian Medical College Vellore, in which we analyzed demographic, clinical, epidemiological, angiographic and treatment data of 125 Takayasu arteritis patients. RESULTS : We studied a total 125 patients with Takayasu arteritis over a period of one and a half years. Their demographic, clinical and angiographic profiles were analysed. The mean age of patients in this study was 32 ± 13 years. The disease showed a predilection for females, with female-to-male ratio of 3.5:1. Type V disease was most common in the present study. A third of the patients had cardinal symptoms and half of the patients had heart related symptoms, of which exertional dyspnoea was most common. About 40% of the patients had neurological symptoms, of which giddiness, blurred vision and syncope were common presentations. Almost 60% of patients were hypertensive, and renal artery stenosis was angiographically seen in 48% of patients. Upper limb ischemia presented as right, left or bilateral upper limb claudication with an equal frequency of 25%, while bilateral lower limb claudication was more common (26%) as compared to isolated right or left lower limb claudication (6% each). 95% of patients met the clinical criteria for diagnosis and 89% of patients had American college of rheumatology score (ACR) ≥ 3. Indian Takayasu Activity Score (ITAS) of ≥3 was found in 95% of patients. Angiography showed 60% involvement of arch vessels, 30% involvement of abdominal aorta and 36% involvement of its major branches. Coronary and pulmonary artery involvement was seen in 14% and 6% respectively. Statistically significant (p= 0.029) higher carotid intima-medial thickness >0.9 mm was found in active disease state. Patients follow up showed good response to both medical and interventional therapy for the disease. Almost half of the patients had active state of disease at the first visit and this decreased to 25% at the last follow-up visit. A third of the patients showed good response and half of the patients showed satisfactory response to medical treatment. About half of the patients had good response to interventional treatment and a third showed satisfactory response to interventional treatment in present study

Chemokines and chemokine receptors in colorectal cancer; multifarious roles and clinical impact

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered the second cause of cancer death worldwide. The early diagnosis plays a key role in patient prognosis and subsequently overall survival. Similar to several types of cancer, colorectal cancer is also characterised by drug resistance and heterogeneity that contribute to its complexity -especially at advanced stages. However, despite the extensive research related to the identification of biomarkers associated to early diagnosis, accurate prognosis and the management of CRC patients, little progress has been made thus far. Therefore, the mortality rates, especially at advanced stages, remain high. A large family of chemoattractant cytokines called chemokines are known for their significant role in inflammation and immunity. Chemokines released by the different tumorous cells play a key role in increasing the complexity of the tumour's microenvironment. The current review investigates the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in colorectal cancer and their potential as clinical molecular signatures that could be effectively used as a personalised therapeutic approach. We discussed how chemokine and chemokine receptors regulate the microenvironment and lead to heterogeneity in CRC. An important aspect of chemokines is their role in drug resistance which has been extensively discussed. This review also provides an overview of the current advances in the search for chemokines and chemokine receptors in CRC.Peer reviewe

Samsum ant, Brachyponera sennaarensis (Formicidae: Ponerinae): Distribution and abundance in Saudi Arabia

AbstractInvasive species are capable of causing considerable damage to natural ecosystems, agriculture and economies throughout the World. Samsum ant, Brachyponera (Pachycondyla) sennaarensis has been a reason for medical implication and social nuisance through its poisonous and severely painful sting causing anaphylactic shock in many cases. We surveyed for the presence of the samsum ant in various provinces of Saudi Arabia. B. sennaarensis was the abundant Ponerinae species in human settlements. In the Eastern provinces, however, few samples were collected, and none were found in the Northern and Western provinces. Infestations of B. sennaarensis were particularly severe in the spring and summer seasons, when the ants make nests in moist areas and in cracks in cemented structures, whereas the extent of infestation reduced in winter seasons

Surgical ligation of scrotal varicocele for male factor infertility is a valid option of treatment

Objective: To evaluate the role of surgical ligation of scrotal varicocele for treatment of male factor infertility. Methods: We studied 60 patients who presented with infertility and were also found to have scrotal varicocele. Patients with other probable causes contributing to infertility were excluded. Diagnosis was made by clinical examination and scrotal ultrasonography. All the patients underwent either laparoscopic varicocelectomy or open retroperitoneal high ligation of the testicular veins. Operative time and hospital stay was recorded. All patients were evaluated for postoperative improvement of semen parameters and development of any postoperative complication. The results were analyzed by commercially available software. Results: During the study period 5 patients were lost to follow up and were excluded. The rest of patients (n=55) were young, with age ranging from 20-35 years (Mean age 27.8 years, SD +/- 4.38). All patients had unilateral left sided varicocele; two patients (3.6%) had grade I varicocele, 21 patients (38.2%) had grade II varicocele and 32 patients (58.2%) had grade III varicocele. Statistically significant improvement in sperm density (p value \u3c 0.05), sperm activity (p value \u3c 0.05) and sperm morphology (p value \u3c 0.05) was observed after the surgical ligation. The mean operative time was 54.88 minutes (SD + 13). The mean hospital stay in laparoscopic procedure was 33.4 (SD + 15.3). Minor complications were noted in 13 patients and included superficial wound infection in 3 patients, 6 patients exhibited testicular pain and persistence of varicocele in 4 patients. Conclusion: Surgical ligation of scrotal varicocele is asafe and effective mode of treatment of male factor infertility in selected population

Genetic Variants of Serum Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

Complete absence of data on alpha 1 antitrypsin in this country prompted us to determine serum levels using radial immunodiffusion (RID) and phenotypes by isoelectric focusing (IEF) in 100 healthy adults (52 males and 48 females). Mean serum alpha 1 antitrypsin concentration in healthy subjects was 2.47±0.08 g/l and the main phenotypes MM (70%), M1 M2 (28%) and FM 3(2%) are infrequent in our population (JPMA 45:245,1995)