Relationship between Environmental Factors and Personal Hygiene with Diarrhea among Children under Five in West Kotawaringin, Central Kalimantan

Background: Globally, nearly 1 million children die each year because of diarrhea. Di­ar­r­hea is a major public health problem in developing coun­tries, including Indonesia. The oc­cu­r­rence of diarrhea has been known to be linked with poor hygiene and sanit­a­tion. This stu­dy aimed to determine the relationship between environmental factors and personal hy­giene with diarrhea among children under five in West Kota­waringin, Cen­­tral Kalimantan. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at West Kotawaringin, Central Kalimantan. A total of 1,007 households with children under five was se­lected for this study. The dependent variable was diarrhea. The independent va­riables were access to drin­k­ing water, latrine ownership, type of latrine, environmental hygiene, children defe­ca­tion habit, and disposing of children feces habit. The data were collected by a set of ques­t­i­o­n­­naire and analyzed by multiple logistic regression Results: The risk of diarrhea increased with absence of latrine ownership (OR= 1.93; 95%CI=1.28 to 2.91; p=0.002), sub-standard type of latrine (OR= 1.88; 95%CI=1.27 to 2.78; p=0.002), poor child defe­ca­tion habit (OR=1.85; 95%CI= 1.26 to 2.71; p=0.002), and free disposal of child feces (OR=1.72; 95%CI= 1.28 to 2.91; p=0.007). Conclusion: The risk of diarrhea increases with absence of latrine ownership, sub-stan­dard type of latrine, poor child defecation habit, and free disposal of child feces. Keywords: diarrhea, hygiene, behavior, environment, children under fiv

Persepsi Ibu Balita terhadap Vaksinasi MR di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Beji: Alasan Penolakan dan Penerimaan

Maternal perceptions of MR vaccination in work area of Puskesmas Beji: explanations of reasons for and againts Purpose: Data from the Ministry of Health shows that as of October 2018, the coverage of MR vaccination nationally still has not reached the target. Depok is one of the cities that has not reached the target. This is due to the rejection of the child's parents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find out how the mother's perception and find out the reasons for acceptance and rejection of MR vaccination. Method: This research is a qualitative study with 23 informants consisting of mothers of children under five (mothers agree and disagree), cadres, midwives, and heads of Puskesmas uses Focus Group Discusion and In-depth Interview. Results: The results of this study found that for knowledge, mothers who agreed were mostly know about MR vaccination, while most mothers who did not agree admitted that they did not know. Whereas for perceptions, most of the mothers who disagree have a negative perception of MR vaccination, while most mothers who agree have positive perceptions of MR vaccination. There are also various reasons why mothers accept or refuse MR vaccination. Conclusion: Mother's perception of MR vaccination is one of the causes of rejection, resulting in MR vaccination coverage in Depok not yet reaching the national target