819 research outputs found
Coherent transport of cold atoms in angle-tuned optical lattices
Optical lattices with a large spacing between the minima of the optical
potential can be created using the angle-tuned geometry where the 1-D periodic
potential is generated by two propagating laser beams intersecting at an angle
different from . The present work analyzes the coherent transport for the
case of this geometry. We show that the potential depth can be kept constant
during the transport by choosing a magic value for the laser wavelength. This
value agrees with that of the counterpropagating laser case, and the magic
wavelength does not depend of the optical lattice geometry. Moreover, we find
that this scheme can be used to implement controlled collision experiments
under special geometric conditions. Finally we study the transport of
hyperfine-Zeeman states of rubidium 87.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, one section added, in press in Phys. Rev.
Contextual Realization of the Universal Quantum Cloning Machine and of the Universal-NOT gate by Quantum Injected Optical Parametric Amplification
A simultaneous, contextual experimental demonstration of the two processes of
cloning an input qubit and of flipping it into the orthogonal qubit is
reported. The adopted experimental apparatus, a Quantum-Injected Optical
Parametric Amplifier (QIOPA) is transformed simultaneously into a Universal
Optimal Quantum Cloning Machine (UOQCM) and into a Universal NOT
quantum-information gate. The two processes, indeed forbidden in their exact
form for fundamental quantum limitations, will be found to be universal and
optimal, i.e. the measured fidelity of both processes F<1 will be found close
to the limit values evaluated by quantum theory. A contextual theoretical and
experimental investigation of these processes, which may represent the basic
difference between the classical and the quantum worlds, can reveal in a
unifying manner the detailed structure of quantum information. It may also
enlighten the yet little explored interconnections of fundamental axiomatic
properties within the deep structure of quantum mechanics. PACS numbers:
03.67.-a, 03.65.Ta, 03.65.UdComment: 27 pages, 7 figure
Manipulation of ultracold atomic mixtures using microwave techniques
We used microwave radiation to evaporatively cool a mixture of of 133Cs and
87Rb atoms in a magnetic trap. A mixture composed of an equal number (around
10^4) of Rb and Cs atoms in their doubly polarized states at ultracold
temperatures was prepared. We also used microwaves to selectively evaporate
atoms in different Zeeman states.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Resonantly enhanced tunneling of Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic potentials
We report on measurements of resonantly enhanced tunneling of Bose-Einstein
condensates loaded into an optical lattice. By controlling the initial
conditions of our system we were able to observe resonant tunneling in the
ground and the first two excited states of the lattice wells. We also
investigated the effect of the intrinsic nonlinearity of the condensate on the
tunneling resonances.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Letter
Dynamical control of matter-wave tunneling in periodic potentials
We report on measurements of dynamical suppression of inter-well tunneling of
a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a strongly driven optical lattice. The
strong driving is a sinusoidal shaking of the lattice corresponding to a
time-varying linear potential, and the tunneling is measured by letting the BEC
freely expand in the lattice. The measured tunneling rate is reduced and, for
certain values of the shaking parameter, completely suppressed. Our results are
in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we have
verified that in general the strong shaking does not destroy the phase
coherence of the BEC, opening up the possibility of realizing quantum phase
transitions by using the shaking strength as the control parameter.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Observation of photon-assisted tunneling in optical lattices
We have observed tunneling suppression and photon-assisted tunneling of
Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical lattice subjected to a constant force
plus a sinusoidal shaking. For a sufficiently large constant force, the ground
energy levels of the lattice are shifted out of resonance and tunneling is
suppressed; when the shaking is switched on, the levels are coupled by
low-frequency photons and tunneling resumes. Our results agree well with
theoretical predictions and demonstrate the usefulness of optical lattices for
studying solid-state phenomena.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Sympathetic cooling and collisional properties of a Rb-Cs mixture
We report on measurements of the collisional properties of a mixture of
Cs and Rb atoms in a magnetic trap at
temperatures. By selectively evaporating the Rb atoms using a radio-frequency
field, we achieved sympathetic cooling of Cs down to a few . The
inter-species collisional cross-section was determined through rethermalization
measurements, leading to an estimate of for the s-wave scattering
length for Rb in the and Cs in the magnetic
states. We briefly speculate on the prospects for reaching Bose-Einstein
condensation of Cs inside a magnetic trap through sympathetic cooling
Dressed matter waves
We suggest to view ultracold atoms in a time-periodically shifted optical
lattice as a "dressed matter wave", analogous to a dressed atom in an
electromagnetic field. A possible effect lending support to this concept is a
transition of ultracold bosonic atoms from a superfluid to a Mott-insulating
state in response to appropriate "dressing" achieved through time-periodic
lattice modulation. In order to observe this effect in a laboratory experiment,
one has to identify conditions allowing for effectively adiabatic motion of a
many-body Floquet state.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, to be published in: J. Phys.: Conference Serie
The Use of Both Therapeutic and Prophylactic Vaccines in the Therapy of Papillomavirus Disease
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus. The high-risk HPV types (i.e., HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59) are considered to be the main etiological agents of genital tract cancers, such as cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and anal cancers, and of a subset of head and neck cancers. Three prophylactic HPV vaccines are available that are bivalent (vs. HPV16, 18), tetravalent (vs. HPV6, 11, 16, 18), and non-avalent (vs. HPV6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33,45, 52, 58). All of these vaccines are based on recombinant DNA technology, and they are prepared from the purified L1 protein that self-assembles to form the HPV type-specific empty shells (i.e., virus-like particles). These vaccines are highly immunogenic and induce specific antibodies. Therapeutic vaccines differ from prophylactic vaccines, as they are designed to generate cell-mediated immunity against transformed cells, rather than neutralizing antibodies. Among the HPV proteins, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins are considered almost ideal as targets for immunotherapy of cervical cancer, as they are essential for the onset and evolution of malignancy and are constitutively expressed in both premalignant and invasive lesions. Several strategies have been investigated for HPV therapeutic vaccines designed to enhance CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, including genetic vaccines (i.e., DNA/ RNA/virus/ bacterial), and protein-based, peptide-based or dendritic-cell-based vaccines. However, no vaccine has yet been licensed for therapeutic use. Several studies have suggested that administration of prophylactic vaccines immediately after surgical treatment of CIN2 cervical lesions can be considered as an adjuvant to prevent reactivation or reinfection, and other studies have described the relevance of prophylactic vaccines in the management of genital warts. This review summarizes the leading features of therapeutic vaccines, which mainly target the early oncoproteins E6 and E7, and prophylactic vaccines, which are based on the L1 capsid protein. Through an analysis of the specific immunogenic properties of these two types of vaccines, we discuss why and how prophylactic vaccines can be effective in the treatment of HPV-related lesions and relapse
AC-induced superfluidity
We argue that a system of ultracold bosonic atoms in a tilted optical lattice
can become superfluid in response to resonant AC forcing. Among others, this
allows one to prepare a Bose-Einstein condensate in a state associated with a
negative effective mass. Our reasoning is backed by both exact numerical
simulations for systems consisting of few particles, and by a theoretical
approach based on Floquet-Fock states.Comment: Accepted for publication in Europhysics letters, 6 pages, 4 figures,
Changes in v2: reference 7 replaced by a more recent on
- …