A novel model of learning in design

Learning in design is a phenomenon that has been observed in design practice by many researchers. The observation that designers learn is supported by protocol studies in design that experienced designers can reach satisfactory design solutions more effectively than novice/naive designers. That there was no comprehensive model or theory of learning in design to explain the phenomenon was identified by Sim. Hence a need was raised to develop a comprehensive model of learning in design that can describe the phenomenon and therefore serve as a basis to develop effective and efficient design support system(s)

A foundation for machine learning in design

This paper presents a formalism for considering the issues of learning in design. A foundation for machine learning in design (MLinD) is defined so as to provide answers to basic questions on learning in design, such as, "What types of knowledge can be learnt?", "How does learning occur?", and "When does learning occur?". Five main elements of MLinD are presented as the input knowledge, knowledge transformers, output knowledge, goals/reasons for learning, and learning triggers. Using this foundation, published systems in MLinD were reviewed. The systematic review presents a basis for validating the presented foundation. The paper concludes that there is considerable work to be carried out in order to fully formalize the foundation of MLinD

Knowledge transformers : a link between learning and creativity

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether knowledge transformers that are featured in the learning process are also present in the creative process. First, this was achieved by reviewing accounts of inventions and discoveries with the view of explaining them in terms of knowledge transformers. Second, this was achieved by reviewing models and theories of creativity and identifying the existence of the knowledge transformers. The investigation shows that there is some evidence to show that the creative process can be explained through knowledge transformers. Hence, it is suggested that one of links between learning and creativity is through the knowledge transformers

Knowledge transformers : a link between learning and creativity

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether knowledge transformers which are featured in the learning process, are also present in the creative process. This is achieved by reviewing models and theories of creativity and identifying the existence of the knowledge transformers. The investigation shows that there is some evidence to show that the creative process can be explained through knowledge transformers. Hence, it is suggested that one of links between learning and creativity is through the knowledge transformers

A formalism for coupled design learning activities

This paper presents a formalism to represent the inextricable link that exists between design and learning. It provides an approach to study and analyse the complex relationships that may exist between design and learning. It suggests that design and learning are linked at the knowledge level (epistemic link), in a temporal manner and in a purposeful manner through the design and learning goal

Projection Based Region of Interest Segmentation in Breast MRI Images

In this paper, a computer aided design auto breast region segmentation system is presented to identify the region of interest (ROI) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. The system is proposed due to the necessary for performing useful postprocessing on the image for breast cancer research and treatment.  Besides, while the ROI is segmented, the image post-processing efficiency of the system is greatly improved.  The vertical and horizontal projections algorithms are employed to refine the breast ROI. The methodology has been applied on 55 sets of Digital Image and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) breast MRI datasets images. The experimental results show that the system is able to segment the breast ROI accurately