CIPROFLOXACIN RESISTANCE PATTERN AMONG BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED URINARY TRACT INFECTION

SUMMARY Objective: To identify the main bacterial species associated with community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) and to assess the pattern of ciprofloxacin susceptibility among bacteria isolated from urine cultures. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in all the patients with community-acquired UTI seen in Santa Helena Laboratory, Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil during five years (2010-2014). All individuals who had a positive urine culture result were included in this study. Results: A total of 1,641 individuals met the inclusion criteria. Despite the fact that participants were female, we observed a higher rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin in males. The most frequent pathogens identified in urine samples were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Antimicrobial resistance has been observed mainly for ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin. Moreover, E. coli has shown the highest rate of ciprofloxacin resistance, reaching 36% of ciprofloxacin resistant strains in 2014. Conclusion: The rate of bacterial resistance to ciprofloxacin observed in the studied population is much higher than expected, prompting the need for rational use of this antibiotic, especially in infections caused by E. coli. Prevention of bacterial resistance can be performed through control measures to limit the spread of resistant microorganisms and a rational use of antimicrobial policy

Avaliação dos efeitos de terapias com células de medula óssea em modelo experimental dediabetes mellitus tipo 2

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2012-08-29T20:39:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Siane Campos. Avaliação dos efeitos de terapias com celulas de medula óssea modelo experimental de diabetes mellitus tipo 2.pdf: 7027812 bytes, checksum: 4b12aa1315741fb327aacac8f55889a7 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-29T20:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Siane Campos. Avaliação dos efeitos de terapias com celulas de medula óssea modelo experimental de diabetes mellitus tipo 2.pdf: 7027812 bytes, checksum: 4b12aa1315741fb327aacac8f55889a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, BrasilO diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma disfunção metabólica que afeta milhões de pessoas em números crescentes em todo o mundo. É caracterizado pela resistência dos tecidosalvo à insulina e/ou defeitos na sua secreção, acarretando uma hiperglicemia crônica, que pode gerar danos no sistema cardiovascular, nervoso, olhos, rins e fígado e representam um ônus para os sistemas de saúde. Doença de etiologia múltipla, o DM2 resulta da interação entre predisposição genética e fatores ambientais, destacando-se a obesidade. O tratamento do DM2 geralmente envolve mudanças de hábito e drogas anti-hiperglicemiantes ou hipoglicemiantes que podem acarretar efeitos colaterais. As recentes descobertas sobre a plasticidade e o potencial terapêutico das células-tronco de medula óssea indicam uma possível aplicação destas no tratamento do DM2 e suas complicações. Para investigar esse potencial, foi estabelecido um modelo de diabetes em camundongos C57Bl/6 através da administração de dieta hipergordurosa. Após o período de indução, os animais apresentavam obesidade, hiperglicemia, intolerância à glicose, proteinúria e esteato-hepatite não-alcoólica. Camundongos C57Bl/6 fêmeas não desenvolvem obesidade, hiperglicemia e DM2 quando submetidas à mesma dieta que os machos. Apenas os machos foram então tratados com células mononucleares de medula óssea e acompanhados durante seis meses. A terapia com células mononucleares de medula óssea não reduz o peso corpóreo dos animais obesos e diabéticos. Três e seis meses após a terapia, não foi observada redução da glicemia de jejum dos animais.Três meses após a terapia, observou-se redução da intolerância a glicose nos animais alimentados com dieta high-fat.Houve uma redução da fibrose perissinusoidal no fígado após 3 meses de terapia e esta diferença se manteve até 6 meses após a terapia.Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that affects millions of people and grows worldwide. It is characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and/or impaired insulin secretion, leading to chronic hyperglycemia associated with long-term consequences that include damage and dysfunction of the cardiovascular system, eyes, kidneys and nerves. T2DM is a multifactorial disease determined by genetic and environmental factors, especially obesity. The usual treatment involves antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic drugs that can provoke undesirable side effects. Recent findings on hematopoietic stem cell plasticity and therapeutic potential suggest their use as an alternative treatment for T2DM and its consequences. In order to investigate this potential, a model of diabetes was induced in C57Bl/6 mice through administration of a high-fat diet. Animals developed obesity, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, proteinuria and nonalcoholic steato-hepatitis. Female C57Bl/6 mice do not developed obesity, hyperglycemia and T2DM when submitted the male’s diet. After the induction period, only the male mice were treated with bone marrow mononuclear cells and observed during 6 months. Cell mononuclear from bone marrow therapy do not reduced body weight from obesity and diabetes animals. Three and six months after the therapy, we do not observed reduction from glycemia. Three months after the therapy, observed reduction glucose intolerance in mice high-fat fed. Reduction in fibrosis perisinusoidal liver after thee months from therapy and this difference still until six months after therapy

Ciprofloxacin resistance pattern among bacteria isolated from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-12-26T18:32:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Reis ACC Ciprofloxacin resistance....pdf: 432053 bytes, checksum: 99fdb6e2258e2447e51f988a352de0b1 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-12-26T18:42:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Reis ACC Ciprofloxacin resistance....pdf: 432053 bytes, checksum: 99fdb6e2258e2447e51f988a352de0b1 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-26T18:42:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reis ACC Ciprofloxacin resistance....pdf: 432053 bytes, checksum: 99fdb6e2258e2447e51f988a352de0b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, BrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Laboratório Santa Helena. Camaçari, BA, BrasilLaboratório Santa Helena. Camaçari, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilTo identify the main bacterial species associated with community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) and to assess the pattern of ciprofloxacin susceptibility among bacteria isolated from urine cultures. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in all the patients with community-acquired UTI seen in Santa Helena Laboratory, Camaçari, Bahia, Brazil during five years (2010-2014). All individuals who had a positive urine culture result were included in this study. Results: A total of 1,641 individuals met the inclusion criteria. Despite the fact that participants were female, we observed a higher rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin in males. The most frequent pathogens identified in urine samples were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Antimicrobial resistance has been observed mainly for ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin. Moreover, E. coli has shown the highest rate of ciprofloxacin resistance, reaching 36% of ciprofloxacin resistant strains in 2014. Conclusion: The rate of bacterial resistance to ciprofloxacin observed in the studied population is much higher than expected, prompting the need for rational use of this antibiotic, especially in infections caused by E. coli. Prevention of bacterial resistance can be performed through control measures to limit the spread of resistant microorganisms and a rational use of antimicrobial policy

Persistence of chikungunya ECSA genotype and local outbreak in an upper medium class neighborhood in Northeast Brazil.

The chikungunya East/Central/South/Africa virus lineage (CHIKV-ECSA) was first detected in Brazil in the municipality of Feira de Santana (FS) by mid 2014. Following that, a large number of CHIKV cases have been notified in FS, which is the second-most populous city in Bahia state, northeastern Brazil, and plays an important role on the spread to other Brazilian states due to climate conditions and the abundance of competent vectors. To better understand CHIKV dynamics in Bahia state, we generated 5 complete genome sequences from a local outbreak raised in Serraria Brasil, a neighbourhood in FS, by next-generation sequencing using Illumina approach. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that the new FS genomes belongs to the ECSA genotype and falls within a single strongly supported monophyletic clade that includes other older CHIKV sequences from the same location, suggesting the persistence of the virus during distinct epidemic seasons. We also performed minor variants analysis and found a small number of SNPs per sample (b_29L and e_45SR = 16 SNPs, c_29SR = 29 and d_45PL and f_45FL = 21 SNPs). Out of the 93 SNPs found, 71 are synonymous, 21 are non-synonymous and one generated a stop codon. Although those mutations are not related to the increase of virus replication and/or infectivity, some SNPs were found in non-structural proteins which may have an effect on viral evasion from the mammal immunological system. These findings reinforce the needing of further studies on those variants and of continued genomic surveillance strategies to track viral adaptations and to monitor CHIKV epidemics for improved public health control