45,454 research outputs found
Laser-induced spin protection and switching in a specially designed magnetic dot: A theoretical investigation
Most laser-induced femtosecond magnetism investigations are done in magnetic
thin films. Nanostructured magnetic dots, with their reduced dimensionality,
present new opportunities for spin manipulation. Here we predict that if a
magnetic dot has a dipole-forbidden transition between the lowest occupied
molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO),
but a dipole-allowed transition between LUMO+1 and HOMO, electromagnetically
inducedtransparency can be used to prevent ultrafast laser-induced spin
momentum reduction, or spin protection. This is realized through a strong dump
pulse to funnel the population into LUMO+1. If the time delay between the pump
and dump pulses is longer than 60 fs, a population inversion starts and spin
switching is achieved. Thesepredictions are detectable experimentally.Comment: 6 pages, three figur
PENGARUH LATIHAN SATRIA NUSANTARA TINGKAT PRADASAR-DASAR TERHADAP PENURUNAN HORMON STRESS (KORTISOL)
This research study is aimed at revealing the influence of stressors in Satria Nusantara pre-elementary breathing exercise training towards the reduction of the level of stress hormone (Kartisol). This is an experimental research, using Randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The number of samples used in the treatment group and control group is 15 people respectively. Elisa method was used as the technique of laboratory examination. Data analysis was done through t-test, using SPSS program for Windows. Based on the results of t test analysis on Kartisol variables, there were significant differences between treatment group and control group with p = 0.002 (p <0.05). In this Kartisol variables, there was also reduction in treatment groups of 4.77 ng/ml and 0.83 ng/ml in the control group. The difference was due to breathing exercise treatment using breath control and dhikr so that psychologically treatment group will be more calm, relaxed compared to the control group. Thus breathing exercise can be one of the cheap, effective alternative exercise to reduce stress hormone levels (Kartisol). With relatively low levels of Kartisol, it will provide an opportunity for lymphocytes T to produce interleukin 2 (Th1) and interleukin 4 (Th2). Interleukin will stimulate plasma cells to produce immunoglobulin. By the increase of the activity of plasma cells, IgG also indirectly increases. Thereby, the reduction of Kartisol has a positive influence on the increase of immunoglobulin G. Based on the findings, the Satria Nusantara breathing exercise can be used as a model of alternative sports in order to improve body endurance. Key words: Influence, breathing exercise, reduction, Kartisol
CONSTRUCTING AND VALIDATING MODULE OF āSOCIAL LIFE SKILLā FOR PRESCHOOL EDUCATORS
Social Life Skill is a very important ability for human life in society. The current situation in Indonesia shows the skill is not developed properly so that conflict happened everywhere and physical as well as mental destruction happened at the end. Therefore the social life skill is very important to be educated since early childhood. This second-year-research is intended: (1) to construct module of āsocial life skillā for preschool educators based on the finding of the first year research in connection with preschool educator knowledge on social life skill and how to implement it in educating children; (2) to evaluate the validity of the module, either its content or readability; and (3) to make the module perfect/better based on the result of try out.
The study used research and development approach with the design model of Borg and Gall. Operational variable used is the concept of social life skill, consists of three aspects: (1) Empathy, (2) Affiliation and conflict resolution, and (3) Developing positive manners. Each has 3 sub aspects. Therefore there are 3 modules constructed and each has 3 sub modules. The research subjects are kindergarten teachers which institution where they work located in village area, and in the city. Their level of education consist of: junior secondary, senior secondary, 1, 2, 3 years diploma and S1 from various study programs, some are not related with early childhood education. They are also ranged from 1 to 30 years working experience. The content of the modules was validated by experts in early childhood education and Indonesian language judgment. There are 9 sub modules being evaluated its content and readability so that it will be easy to be read by preschool teachers. Readability test using cloze method which means the text of the module taken the 7th word and made it blank which should be filled by reader for readability testing. The sub modules were checked its readability two times, first with 6 preschool teachers. The second was involving 68 ā 72 preschool teachers for each sub module. The criteria of readability are: if more than 60% readers could answer the right words, the text of the sub module is considered to be easy to understand ; if 41% ā 60% readers could answer the right word, the text of the sub module is considered to be medium and needs instructor to help understanding the text ; whereas if only 40% or less readers could answer the right words, the text is considered difficult to understand and should be revised. The norm used to accept the module is the criteria of more than 60% readers could answer the right words. The finding of the first try out ranged from 44.54% to 77.02%, and the second was ranged from 61.54% to 83.70%.
The result of the research are: (1) There are 3 modules of āsocial life skillā constructed, each has 3 sub modules, so there are totally 9 sub modules constructed; (2) The content validity of the modules were evaluated by expert judgement, and the readability testing of sub modules (using Cloze method) was all reach level of readability: easy to understand; and (3) In order to make the modules easier to understand, the words considered difficult were revised or presented in glossary.
Keywords: module, social life skill, preschool educator
FIP, 2007 (PPB
A COMPLEX SURFACE FORMATION MODEL ON CHITOSAN ADSORPTION TO METALS
The aim of the first year research is: to predict a complex surface formation between chitosan and metal ions. This prediction is according to the plot adsorptive capacity and the bonding tendency between chitosan and some metals. Chitosan as adsorbent isolated from Green Crabās shell. Metal ions used in this research are Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Fe(II) and Pb(II). The subject of this research is green crabās shell (Scylla serata) and the object is the adsorptive capacity chitosan to some metal ions. Chitosan was prepared in three steps: deproteination, demineralization and deacetylation. This chitosan are impurities by 20 %- 30%kitin. The adsorption experiment was carried out at room temperature for 24 hours. A half gram of chitosan was added into 50 mL of various metals solution at pH system 5. This experiment was performed in two methods. An each ion metal was adsorbed by chitosan and some metal ions i.e: Cr(III), Cu(II), and Ni(II) (1:1:1) were adsorbed simultaneous. Chitosan was characterized by FTIR. Metal ions concentration before and after adsorption was measured by by AAS. Adsorptive capacity is defined as differences of metal ion concentration due to the adsorption per gram chitosan. Then the obtained data was plotted through Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm equations. The result of this work concludes that adsorptive capacity of chitosan in order for some metals ion are Cr(III) > Fe(II)> pb(II) = Zn(II)> Ni(II) = Cu(II). The interaction chitosan with metal ions is indicated complex surface formation by -NH2 groups or āOH groups. A multilayer are formatted by active site chitosan and metal ion interactions, but the interaction of chitosan to copper(II) is prefer a monolayer formation. Key words: chitosan, adsorption, multilay FMIPA, 2006 (PEND. KIMIA
Hot spin spots in the laser-induced demagnetization
Laser-induced femtosecond magnetism or femtomagnetism simultaneously relies
on two distinctive contributions: (a) the optical dipole interaction (ODI)
between a laser field and a magnetic system and (b) the spin expectation value
change (SEC) between two transition states. Surprisingly, up to now, no study
has taken both contributions into account simultaneously. Here we do so by
introducing a new concept of the optical spin generator, a product of SEC and
ODI between transition states. In ferromagnetic nickel, our first-principles
calculation demonstrates that the larger the value of optical spin generator
is, the larger the dynamic spin moment change is. This simple generator
directly links the time-dependent spin moment change {\Delta}Mk z (t) at every
crystal- momentum k point to its intrinsic electronic structure and magnetic
properties. Those hot spin spots are a direct manifestation of the optical spin
generator, and should be the focus of future research.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, [email protected]
Glide reflection symmetry, Brillouin zone folding and superconducting pairing for the space group
Motivated by the studies of the superconducting pairing states in the
iron-based superconductors, we analyze the effects of Brillouin zone folding
procedure from a space group symmetry perspective for a general class of
materials with the space group. The Brillouin zone folding amounts to
working with an effective one-Fe unit cell, instead of the crystallographic
two-Fe unit cell. We show that the folding procedure can be justified by the
validity of a glide reflection symmetry throughout the crystallographic
Brillouin zone and by the existence of a minimal double degeneracy along the
edges of the latter. We also demonstrate how the folding procedure fails when a
local spin-orbit coupling is included although the latter does not break any of
the space group symmetries of the bare Hamiltonian. In light of these general
symmetry considerations, we further discuss the implications of the glide
reflection symmetry for the superconducting pairing in an effective
multi-orbital model. We find that the space group
symmetry allows only pairing states with even parity under the glide reflection
and zero total momentum
Mixed QCD and Weak Corrections to Production by Quark-Antiquark Annihilation
We report on our computation of the mixed QCD and weak corrections to including spin effects, in particular on
single top spin asymmetries.Comment: Talk given at "International Conference on QCD and Hadronic Physics",
Beijing, China, 16-20 Jun 200
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