Insulin resistance in obese and lean women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Background: According to NIH criteria for PCOS, the estimated prevalence of this disorder has been reported to range from 4% to 10% of women in their reproductive years, which designates PCOS as the most common endocrinopathy of women. Insulin resistance is common in PCOS and obesity contributes an additional component to insulin resistance in obese PCOS.Methods: The study was a prospective study. One-hundred and twenty PCOS women were divided into two groups: Group O - obese (n = 60) and Group L - lean (body mass index [BMI] cutoff <23 kg/m2). Oral glucose tolerance test, serum fasting insulin and HOMA- IR were compared between these groups.Results: Impaired glucose tolerance was seen in 33.3 % of lean PCOS and 36.7% of obese PCOS women. 5% of lean PCOS and 10% of obese PCOS women had hyperinsulinemia. 38.3% of lean PCOS and 51.7% of obese PCOS women had insulin resistance. But the differences were not statistically significant. However, HOMA-IR and fasting insulin values showed a significant positive correlation with BMI.Conclusions: Both obese and lean women with PCOS are vulnerable to the problems of insulin resistance irrespective of BMI and insulin resistance shows a positive correlation with BMI

Role of sex hormone binding globulin as the early predictor for gestational diabetes mellitus

Background:  The aim of this study was to find role of SHBG as an early predictor for gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: A hospital based prospective/observational/diagnostic and explorative study. The necessary information was collected from the participants through the prepared set of questionnaires. Pregnant women between 11 to 14 weeks of gestation who visited JSS OPD for antenatal checkup satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria giving informed and written consent for the study were examined clinically. 3ml of venous blood was drawn with aseptic precautions for the estimation of SHBG and adiponectin. OGTT with 75gms glucose first done at 11 to 14weeks and again at 24-28 weeks and 32-36 weeks were done to the same patient to find out whether the patient developed GDM or not. These mothers were followed periodically till delivery. The sensitivity and specificity of SHBG were assessed and compared in patients who developed GDM.Results: 100 cases were selected for the study. About 12 patients were diagnosed as gestational diabetes mellitus in present study by OGCT at 32 weeks to 36 weeks. In present study about 14 patients had low level of SHBG. Low level of SHBG is found to be statistically significant in predicting GDM in first trimester.Conclusions: The combination of SHBG can be used as predictor of GDM in first trimester

Futures Trading: Informational Content of Open Interest and Trading Volume on Futures Price

In an agriculture dominated country, like India, farmers face not only yield risk but price risk as well. Commodity futures market play major role in the price risk management process, especially in agriculture. This study empirically analyses the informational content of open interest and trading volume on futures price determination on the basis of selected agricultural commodities. Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM Test is used for analyzing the role of informational content of open interest and trading volume on futures price. Empirical result shown that open interest playing a major role in futures price determination on commodity futures trading. In case of trading volume, the results show that a significant negative impact on futures price. The study strongly argues that the stockholders will be benefited through informational content of open interest and volume there by reducing the risk involved in the futures market. By monitoring the price trend, volume and open interest the technician is better able to measure the buying or selling pressure behind market moves. This will provide traders with valuable information to develop a suitable pricing strategy and an appropriate production and marketing plan for producers farming

Ru (III) Catalyzed Oxidation of Aliphatic Ketones by N-Bromosuccinimide in Aqueous Acetic Acid: A Kinetic Study

Kinetics of Ru (III) catalyzed oxidation of aliphatic ketones such as acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, diethyl ketone, iso-butylmethyl ketone by N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of Hg(II) acetate have been studied in aqueous acid medium. The order of [N-bromosuccinimide] was found to be zero both in catalyzed as well as uncatalyzed reactions. However, the order of [ketone] changed from unity to a fractional one in the presence of Ru (III). On the basis of kinetic features, the probable mechanisms are discussed and individual rate parameters evaluated

Performance Evaluation of MANET Based Routing Protocols for VANETs in Urban Scenarios

Abstract. Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) are self-organizing ad hoc networks that are specifically designed for communication among vehicles where vehicles are themselves the nodes. Although routing protocols have already been analyzed and compared in the past for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), simulations and comparisons of routing protocols for VANETs have almost always been done considering random motions with non-urban specific parameters. This paper studies the performance of Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) which are popular routing protocols in MANETS for routing among vehicular nodes in VANETs. The effects of urban motions on the simulation parameters, their consequences on routing performance are compared between the two protocols in this study. The VANET simulations showed that on-demand based protocol AODV performs better than the table-driven based DSDV protocol for two performance metrics for vehicular nodes moving in urban scenarios

Eco-friendly bags - an alternative to plastic carry bags

Fishery Environment and Management Division of CMFRI is always focussing on environment concern issues apart from Research on Marine Environment .One of the major threats the ecosystem faces in the present world is the impact due to non-degradable wastes especially plastics. Enumerable numbers of Plastics in the form of carry bags enter in to our houses and it has become an inevitable item in the daily life. But the improper waste disposal due to poor waste management facilities available in our society causes the accumulation of these non-degradable plastic materials on the road sides and open grounds there by polluting the ecosystem

The cientificWorldJOURNAL Research Article Ru (III) Catalyzed Oxidation of Aliphatic Ketones by N-Bromosuccinimide in Aqueous Acetic Acid: A Kinetic Study

Kinetics of Ru (III) catalyzed oxidation of aliphatic ketones such as acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, diethyl ketone, iso-butylmethyl ketone by N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of Hg(II) acetate have been studied in aqueous acid medium. The order of [Nbromosuccinimide] was found to be zero both in catalyzed as well as uncatalyzed reactions. However, the order of [ketone] changed from unity to a fractional one in the presence of Ru (III). On the basis of kinetic features, the probable mechanisms are discussed and individual rate parameters evaluated

Diversity and distribution of shallow water sponges (Porifera) in the coastal waters from Enayam to Kollam, south-west coast of India

Underwater surveys were conducted in the shallow coastal waters extending from Enayam to Kollam, southern India, covering six study locations viz., Enayam, Adimalathura,Vizhinjam, Varkala, Odayam and Paravoor to record the diversity of sponges. A total of 24 species of sponges were identified during the study which belonged to 20 genera, 14 families and 6 orders. Maximum species diversity was recorded at Enayam (11 species), followed by an equal number of species at Vizhinjam and Adimalathura (10 species). Five species of sponges were recorded at Odayam while three species were recorded at Varkala and only one at Paravur. Shannon diversity was high at Enayam, Vizhinjam and Adimalathura and the dominance plot also showed rich diversity of sponges in these three stations.The cluster results using Bray Curtis similarity Index indicated two clusters: stations Enayam, Vizhinjam and Adimalathura showed one cluster indicating similarity of species in these stations, while the stations Varkala, Odayam and Paravoor showed another cluster. The present study has indicated that the stations Enayam, Vizhinjam and Adimalathura are rich in diversity and abundance of sponges, compared to Varkala, Odayam and Paravoor

Do fishes consume plastics? If so, are they always dangerous?

Plastics have tremendous advantages and utility in the present world but its indiscriminate discard creates a pathway to water bodies and eventually forming a threat to aquatic organisms. The large plastics (macro plastics) can degrade and become smaller meso or micro plastics which can be ingested by fishes and invertebrates. Low density plastics (eg. Poly propylene or polyethylene) are dominant in the top layers for a certain period of their entry, may suffer biofouling causing it to sink gradually. High density plastics (PVC, Polyester and polyamides) usually sink to the bottom. Macro, Meso and Micro polymers selected for the study were polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chlorid