Pd-catalyzed enantioselective aerobic oxidation of secondary alcohols: Applications to the total synthesis of alkaloids

Enantioselective syntheses of the alkaloids (-)-aurantioclavine, (+)-amurensinine, (-)-lobeline, and (-)- and (+)-sedamine are described. The syntheses demonstrate the effectiveness of the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric oxidation of secondary alcohols in diverse contexts and the ability of this methodology to set the absolute configuration of multiple stereocenters in a single operation. The utility of an aryne C-C insertion reaction in accessing complex polycyclic frameworks is also described

Geospatial Mapping of Fisheries Profile of Chhattisgarh state through GIS

Geospatial technology is fast growing segment of information technology that combines multiple applications like GIS, remote sensing, cad, and imaging tools. The geospatial technology capabilities in combination like other technologies can be decision making tools for planning. In the present times fisheries and aquatic science professionals are using GIS as a resource management tools. In this context, a study was performed where mapping of fisheries profile of Chhattisgarh state was performed through GIS tools having critical geographic dimensions. The mapped information can be sued for the purpose of planning and decision making as each aspect of the map has different components involved. For this purpose, at the core of the system the data was asse4ssed at an integrated level from disparate sources mainly level statistical hand book of Chhiattisgarh state at district level. Data was brought in tabular form through Microsoft Excel and then joined to Arc info version 9.3.1 GIS Software with digitized map of Chhattisgarh state to enable mapping. This was further synchronized and integrated to generate four thematic maps searchable on several criteria

Evolving fisheries business in India with GIS

It can be seen through GIS that there are some states in India where fish consumption is less but production is very high. On teh other hand there are states, specially in North Eastern region, where fish consumption is much higher than production. In such regions, if the government adopts new fishing policy and technology, then production can be increased. The paper contains a thematic map, which is a very useful tool for planners, researchers, and people who are directly involved in fish business. The thematic map is a significant tool which directly explains the real scenario of fish production and consumption at state level

Promoting Aquaculture in Chhattisgarh

The Central Institute of Fisheries Education initiated a project for mapping fish production across districts in Chhattisgarh and a GIS tool has been developed to analyse the data and put forward critical suggestions for improving aquaculture in the state. Ram Singh and his colleagues present a brief on how the project was implemente

Impact evaluation of marine fisheries interventions among Tribal Fisher Commune of Car Nicobar Island, India

Fisheries and tourism are two important sectors that provide livelihood and employment in the tropical Islands. Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands is a biodiversity hotspot in the Bay of Bengal inhabited by settler population along with indigenous tribal communities. The Nicobar tribal community is one among occupying the Nicobar group of Islands in the majority and are quite socialized tribal communities of the Islands. Agriculture, animal husbandry and fisheries are the major sectors that contribute to the livelihood and nutritional security of the Nicobar tribes. Traditional fishing activities have been a part of their culture over the years however, tribal youths were reluctant in taking up fishing as a profession considering the changing scenario and alternative employment options. To reinstate fisheries as a profession and to improve their livelihood and employment opportunities, interventions were carried out in Car Nicobar Island. The interventions were mainly aimed towards increasing fish catches, to expand their fishing grounds and to sensitize safe fishing and navigation practices. Fishing inputs such as modern fishing boats, GPS and outboard engines were provided as inputs to tribal fishers based on the outcome of an expert consultation meeting. Structured questionnaires were prepared to analyze the impact of the interventions. The results indicated that the interventions led to a significant improvement (p <0.001) in the expansion of their fishing grounds (3.47 ± 0.2 km), reduced time spent to reach the fishing grounds (2.3 ± 0.25 hour) and increased catch per unit effort (7.93 ± 1.23 kg/boat). This study shows that the targeted interventions coupled with awareness and sensitization programmes could make fishing activities profitable, attractive and can motivate the unemployed youths to opt for fishing as a profession

Brackish Water Aquaculture

About 75 per cent of the world production of farmed shrimp comes from Asian countrie

Present Status and Prospects of Fisheries Resources, Fish Seed and Fish availability in Tripura

Tripura State has witnessed admirable growth in aquaculture sector, in recent years and has potential for substantial improvement in production of fish. The paper is an attempt to analyze the present status and future trend In fisheries resources; fish seed production, fish production and availability of inter-state fish, to make short-term projection. The State has rich potential resources in the form of water area under culture and capture fisheries. Out of the total culture fisheries resources, ponds and tanlcs contribute nearly 61.88 %. Out of total 1.34,010 fish farmers, highest number of fish farmers were reported in West Tripura District, has 38.06 % of the total fish farmers, followed by South Tripura District (29.48 %). Private fish farmers contributed highest to total fish production from culture fisheries. The contribution of carps (84.98 %) to the total fish production of Tripura was recorded to be the highest among all the species. West and South Tripura Districts contributed over two thirds of the total fish production in culture fisheries. Among capture fisheries, reservoir Gumati alone contributed 43.08 % and available rivers and rivulets contributed 46.97 %. respectively; to the fish production in capture fisheries. South and Dhalai Tripura Districts contributed a major portion (79.19 %) to the total capture fisheries production. Fish seed production has been recorded to be higher than the requirements in the State. The time series data on culture water resources, and production offish and fish seed; showed that Tripura witnessed an exponential growth over last one decade including sourcing of inter-state fish (ISF). Tripura is expected to produce 63,616 mt fish, supplemented by 24,513 mt inter-state fish by the end of 2015. During this period, culture fisheries resources are expected to reach an area of 25,731 ha, while fish seed production is expected to be aboute,043 lakhs

Structure and regeneration status of mangrove patches along the estuarine and coastal stretches of Kerala, India

This study presents the structural characteristics and regeneration potential of mangrove patches in the estuarine and coastal areas of Kerala, a tropical maritime state in India. Field surveys were carried out at 46 selected sites during August 2015 to May 2016. In each site, the vegetative structure and regeneration status were assessed using the quadrat method. Altogether 219 quadrates were laid out and a total of 13 true mangrove species, belonging to 5 families and 8 genera, were recorded. The total tree density and stand basal area of the study region was 1678.08/ha and 20.33 m2/ha respectively. The low basal areas indicate the reduced structural development in mangroves. Of the 13 tree species, Avicennia constitutes 56% of the total Important Value Index (IVI) and Avicennia officinalis represents 41% of the IVI in Kerala, followed by Avicennia marina (15%), Rhizophora mucronata (15%), Sonneratia alba (8%) Rhizophora apiculata (7%) and Excoecaria agallocha (7%). The diameter at breast height (DBH) in the study area revealed that 47% of the tree species came under the 1–10 cm DBH class. Total sapling and seedling density in Kerala was 2238.35 and 3232.42 individuals/ha respectively. Density of young plants (seedlings ? saplings) was only 31% greater of tree density and varied from 3–63%, which indicates poor regeneration potential. The Maturity index value (MIV) and complexity index (Ic) value of mangroves were 18.30 and 109.81 respectively. However, the low Ic value (\10) observed in seven out of ten coastal districts indicated poor structural development of mangroves in Kerala. Therefore, locationspecific conservation and management measures, guided by the knowledge on spatial distribution and habitat requirements of mangrove varieties should be taken to preserve the mangrove diversity of Kerala

Fishers in Post-harvest Fisheries Sector in India : An Assessment of Socio-economic Status

This paper presents the results of study carried out during 2009-11, to assess literacy, health and income status of fishers in India with reference to postharvest sector which covered fishers in marketing and processing. The study covered five states and one union territory, covering 11 districts reaching 548 households. About 52.19% of the respondents fell in the age group of 36-55. The average male- female ratio was 1.03 and 66.61% of the families were in the small family category of 2-4 members. It was observed that the literacy rates among fishers in post-harvest sector in different states ranged from 63.74 to 95.81%. In general, the literacy rates were comparable to the national average. Maternal and child mortality were low in the sample studied and the average birth weight of infants was 2.68 kg. The average monthly income was Rs. 7027.45 with a daily income of Rs. 234.25. About 44.70% of the households had no savings and 47.81% of households were in debt

Freshwater Aquaculture

Indian aquaculture has grown at a faster pace of almost 5.5 per cent per year consistently since last 50 years. In some of the years the growth rate in the aquaculture was recorded as high as 9 per cent. Indian aquaculture has demonstrated a six and half fold growth over the last two decades, with fresh water aquaculture contributing over 95 per cent of the total aquaculture production and more than half of the national fish production. The three Indian major carps, namely catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) contribute the bulk of production with over 1.8 million tonnes (FAO, 2003) Average national production from fresh water ponds has increased from 0.6 tonnes/ha/year in 1974 to 2.9 tonnes/ha/year by 2009–2010 (DAHDF, 2010), with several farmers even demonstrating production levels as high as 8–12 tonnes/ha/year. For the newly introduced fishes like Pangus the production recorded was as high as 25 tonnes/ha/yr. At the national level as well as in state level, the production and productivity has been on the rise over a period of time. Backed by new policies like Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDA), National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) and state initiatives, there are enough incentives to increase the productivity of fish per unit water areas