Overview of Microstrip Patch Antenna for GNSS communication System

Microstrip patch antenna are playing very important role in all wireless global navigation satellite communication system. It uses L band, X band, C band, Ku band, Ka band for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication application. L band frequency range is 1-2GHz so it can be used in lower frequency range communication. With the increasing need for communication and the emergence of many other systems, it is important to design compact size antennas to cover a wide frequency range. The design of an efficient wideband small size antenna, for recent wireless applications, is a major challenge. Patch antennas have found extensive applications in wireless communication system. In this paper microstrip patch antenna discussed and detail studied of GNSS system application

Optimization of Different Objective Function in Risk Assessment System

This paper proposes a new definition and conceptual framework for Risk assessment system. Risk assessment is the first process in the risk management methodology Organizations use risk system to determine the extent of the potential threat and the risk associated with an IT system throughout its SDLC. The output of this process helps to identify appropriate controls for eliminating risk and to determine the likelihood of a future adverse event. In this paper we will also discuss the Quantitative versus Qualitative Assessment, their advantage and disadvantages, while conducting the impact analysis. Once all the objective function have be optimized and completed, the results should be documented in an official report. This expanded view of Risk assessment emphasis the double role of risk management instruments, protecting basic livelihood as well as promoting risk taking and protecting basic livelihood. Keywords - Risk assessment, Risk Management, SDLC (System Development life cycle optimization

Herbal Remedies Used in the Treatment of Scorpion Sting and Snake Bite from the Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh, India

Traditional medicine has a long history of serving people all over the world. Medicinal plants are an important element of indigenous medical systems in India as well as elsewhere. The enthnobotany and ubiquitous plants provide a rich resource for natural drug research and development. In recent years, the use of traditional medicine information on plant research has again received considerable interest. The circumstances under which the people lived- object poverty, disease and hunger combined with their curiosity towards their closed neighbour, the forest in which they lived and sought help in mitigating their woves and sorrows, must have been the essential factor in preserving their knowledge of herbs and usefulness to mankind. The present paper deals with the survey of 8 medicinal plant used in scorpion sting and snake bite by the aboriginal, tribal and non-tribal people of the Malwa region of India

Parental High-Fat Diet Promotes Inflammatory and Senescence-Related Changes in Prostate

Background. Obesity and dietary habits are associated with increased incidences of aging-related prostatic diseases. The present study was aimed to investigate transgenerational effects of chronic high-fat diet (HFD) feeding on inflammation and senescence-related changes in prostate. Methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were kept on either normal or HFD one. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal) activity, inflammation, and cellular proliferation were determined in the prostate. Results. Increased SA β-gal activity, expression of p53, and cell proliferation marker PCNA were observed in ventral prostate of HFD-fed rats. Immunostaining for p53 and PCNA revealed that the p53 immunopositive cells were primarily in stroma while PCNA immunopositive cells were epithelial cells. An increase in expression of cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) was observed in prostate of weaning pups HFD-fed parents. However, in adult pups, irrespective of dietary habit, a significant increase in the expression of COX-2, PCNA, phosphorylation of NF-kB, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and SA β-gal activity was observed. Conclusions. Present investigation reports that HFD feeding promotes accumulation of p53 expressing cells, proliferation of epithelial cells, and senescence-related changes in prostate. Further, parental HFD-feeding upholds inflammatory, proliferative, and senescence-related changes in prostate of pups

Trauma from Occlusion: Practical Management Guidelines

Occlusal trauma is trauma to the periodontium from functional or parafunctional force’s causing damage to the teeth and its attachment apparatus by exceeding its adaptive and reparative capacities. Occlusal instability is a common cause for trauma from occlusion, resulting in numerous complications. It often leads to interference which reflexively shifts or slides the jaw forward on one or both the side to find a spot where most teeth come together. This action protects the teeth from injury caused by chewing on just one tooth. Overtime, this shift can cause a whole host of problems from TMJ pain, post restorative complications, headache, tooth sensitivity, recession, broken and loss of teeth and orofacial pain. These occlusal interferences and bite discrepancies are treatable with minimally invasive dentistry. Occlusal equilibration is a therapy that is used when the cause of trauma is due to occlusal instability. This involves the reshaping of the teeth where the improper biting surfaces are located. The key lies in decoding the cause, but often treatment is only directed towards the effects. Only a thorough evaluation and occlusal analysis will lead to a definitive diagnosis that will help in better anticipation of the damages

Time trend and prevalence analysis of transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors: A retrospective study from 2001 to 2016

Context: Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) remain a major threat to the patients receiving blood. The incidence of the transmission of various infectious agents has reduced ever since the introduction of various molecular techniques for detection. Aims: The study tried to figure out accurate estimates of risk and trend of TTI over a period of sixteen years, essential for monitoring the safety of blood supply and evaluating the efficacy of the currently employed screening procedures. Methods and Material: A total of 57942 blood donors' records were analyzed for the period from January 2001 to December 2016. Chi-square test (χ2) was used to evaluate the relationship between serological positivity and particular donor characteristics. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 57942 donations, overall prevalence of TTI was 2.7%. Of these, the reactivity rate of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, and malaria was 1.8%, 0.42%, 0.2%, 0.31%, and 0.017%, respectively with significant P value (P < 0.05, CI: 95%). Overall prevalence was higher in replacement donors as compared to voluntary blood donors. Trend of TTI prevalence decreased from 2001 to 2016. Conclusions: This epidemiological research on TTI is important for the region, as estimated disease burden based on comprehensive epidemiological research provides the foundation for public policy to ensure an easily accessible and adequate supply of safe and quality blood and blood components to the needy patients

Fusion/double teeth

Odontogenic anomalies of teeth can be encountered frequently in dental practice. Fusion and gemination are developmental anomalies leading to eruption of joined elements as double teeth. These anomalies pose a challenge even to the most experienced clinician in treating these teeth. This article highlights the importance of clinical and radiographic correlation in arriving a definitive diagnosis.