Functional Groups and Pore Size Distribution Do Matter to Hierarchically Porous Carbons as High-Rate-Performance Supercapacitors

A series of nitrogen and oxygen enriched porous carbons are prepared from poly-<i>N</i>-phenylethanolamine (PNPEA) and polyaniline (PANI) conducting polymers through pyrolysis, chemical activation, and oxidation processes. Ar or N₂-adsorption, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to characterize the surface areas, pore volumes, surface chemical compositions, and oxygen and nitrogen content. Mikhail and Brunauer micropore analytical method (MP method) is successfully used to analyze the micropore size distribution of the samples. The electrochemical behavior of the samples is studied in two- and three-electrode cells. The contribution of pseudocapacitance is confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic tests performed in acidic (H₂SO₄) and basic (KOH) media. The potential drop and the equivalent series resistance value certify that the samples with wide micropore size distribution possess low interface resistances. A sample with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 760 m² g^–1, nitrogen content of 3.02 at. %, oxygen content of 16.65 at. %, and a wide micropore size distribution presents the best performance, reaching a value of 370 F g^–1 at 0.5 A g^–1 and 248 F g^–1 at 30 A g^–1, and maintaining capacitance retention ration of 96% at 1 A g^–1 (over 1000 cycles) and 92% at 30 A g^–1 (over 10 000 cycles), respectively. The results obtained for all the samples agree with correlation among capacitance, functional group, and porosity, which indicates that an appropriate selection of the surface chemistry, a reasonable pore size distribution, and a moderate BET surface area may be promising to achieve high-rate-performance supercapacitors

Characteristics of included studies.

<p>Characteristics of included studies.</p

Peanut-Shell-like Porous Carbon from Nitrogen-Containing Poly‑<i>N</i>‑phenylethanolamine for High-Performance Supercapacitor

An efficient soft-template method is proposed for the synthesis of peanut shell-like porous carbon as high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials. The procedure is based on the pyrolysis and chemical activation processes using <i>N</i>-phenylethanolamine as precursor and KOH as activation agent. In a three-electrode system, the resultant carbon material has a specific capacitance of 356 F g^–1 at 1 A g^–1 and a good stability over 1000 cycles. Besides, at a high current density of 30 A g^–1, it has a specific capacitance of 249 F g^–1 and maintains 96% after 10 000 cycles. In two-electrode cell configuration, it delivers about 21.53 Wh kg^–1 at a current density of 20 A g^–1, which is about 7 times higher than the commercial device (<3 Wh kg^–1). Both high specific capacitance and excellent cycling stabilities guarantee its utilization in supercapacitors

Subgroup meta-analysis of the association between asthma and coronary heart disease(CHD) by sex and age of asthma onset (child- and adult-onset).

<p>HR, Hazard Ratios; CI, 95% confidence interval; Random, random-effects model.</p

Association of asthma with coronary heart disease: A meta analysis of 11 trials

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>While the relationship of asthma and coronary heart disease (CHD) (a specific manifestation of cardiovascular disease) has not been described consistently, we tried to defined this relation and explore the influence of gender and asthma status (child- and adult-onset asthma) on this issue.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We searched published reports that described the relationship of asthma and CHD.</p><p>Results</p><p>Eleven trials were identified, covering 666,355 subjects. Asthma overall was significantly associated with CHD both for prospective trials (HR 1.34 [1.09,1.64], P = 0.005) and for retrospective trials(OR 1.29 [1.13,1.46], P = 0.001), when compared to individuals without asthma. Subgroup analysis split by gender indicated that females with asthma were significantly associated with CHD (HR 1.40 [1.20,1.62], P<0.001), but males with asthma were not significantly related with CHD (HR 1.19 [0.98,1.44], P = 0.07). For the four subgroups (Females with adult-onset asthma,males with adult-onset asthma,females with child-onset asthma,and males with child-onset asthma), pooled analysis of two trials indicated that only females with adult-onset asthma were significantly associated with CHD (HR 2.06 [1.32,3.19], P<0.001).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our data indicated that asthma was associated with CHD, and the relationship between them seemed to derived mostly from females with adult-onset asthma. Considering the limits of our study, these findings should be taken with caution.</p></div

PRISMA flow diagram.

<p>PRISMA flow diagram.</p

Subgroup meta-analysis of the association between asthma and coronary heart disease(CHD) by sex (females and males).

<p>HR, Hazard Ratios; CI, 95% confidence interval; Random, random-effects model.</p

Self-Powered Electrochemical Oxidation of 4‑Aminoazobenzene Driven by a Triboelectric Nanogenerator

A rotary disc-structured triboelectric nanogenerator (rd-TENG) on the basis of free-standing electrification has been designed, where the aluminum composite panel has not been tailored to the stator becauseit is commercially available and cost-effective, has good electronic conductivity, and is easily processed. With the rotating speed increasing from 200 to 1000 rpm, the short-circuit current (<i>I</i>_sc) is sharply enhanced from 50 μA to 200 μA, while the measured open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i>_oc) and transferred charge (<i>Q</i>_tr) almost keep constant, 600 V and 0.4 μC, respectively. The matched load for the rd-TENG at a rotating speed of 600 rpm is 2.7 MΩ, generating a maximum power of 19.75 mW, which corresponds to a maximum power density of 2.28 W m^–2. Using the electric power generated by such a rd-TENG, highly toxic and carcinogenic 4-aminoazobenzene can be selectively treated to produce CO₂ or an oligomer <i>via</i> reasonably controlling electrochemical oxidation potentials. The underlying mechanism is tentatively proposed based on the cyclic voltammogram, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and UV–vis spectra. Here the electrochemical degradation in a single-compartment cell is more valid, preferable, and feasible. The output <i>V</i>_oc and rectified current of rd-TENG guarantee its extensive application to self-power electrochemical degradation of other azo compounds, <i>i</i>.<i>e</i>., 2-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo) benzoic acid, to CO₂. This work suggests that rd-TENG, sustainable energy, can be feasibly designed to self-power a practical electrochemical treatment of dyeing wastewater by harvesting vibration energy

MiR-140 increased the sensitivity of AECs to PTX.

<p>A: Morphological characteristics. Scale bars: 150 µm. TGF-β1 was added into miR-140- or ASO-140-transfected A549 cells for 24 h prior to PTX (50 nM) treatment. A549 cells treated with TGF-β1 or ASO-140 presented a fibroblast-like morphology, and the fibroblast-like morphology was reversed to epithelial-like characteristics in PTX- or PTX+miR-140-treated cultures. B: Western blot analysis. The levels of vimentin, Smad3 and p-Smad3 levels were increased and E-cadherin was downregulated in TGF-β1-treated A549 cells, which were reversed in PTX-, or PTX+miR-140-treated cells, especially in both PTX and miR-140-treated cultures. n = 3 replicates.</p