Analysis of diagnostic methods of tuberculous exudative pleurisy

Among 140 patients examined with reliable methods tuberculous exudative pleurisy was diagnosed in 121 patients, nonspecific pleurisy - in 19. Comparison of these methods, the study of bronhovesicular fluid content and activity level of adenosine deaminase permitted to receive ADA (КАДА) coefficient equal to ≥ 0,52, testifying tuberculous etiology of pleurisy

Involvement of the ERK MAPK Cascade in the Formation of Adhesions in the Abdominal Cavity

Background. ERK1 and ERK2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) are related protein serine / threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell migration and survival, differentiation, metabolism, and proliferation. Evaluation of this cascade is promising to determine the possibility of influencing  pathological conditions through the regulation of ERK1/2.Aim of the study. To assess the involvement of the ERK MAPK cascade in the development of adhesions in the abdominal cavity.Methods. The experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats. The adhesion process in the abdominal cavity was simulated (n = 40). The research time is from 2 hours to 30 days. Tissue samples from 5 intact animals were examined as a control. Histological sections were prepared and stained histochemically for ERK1. The expression of ERK1 and ERK2 was assessed by PCR.Results. Using the PCR method, the involvement of both the ERK1 and ERK2 cascades in the process was established, and, judging by the change in gene expression, the latter is more actively involved in the process. Histochemical study confirmed the role of ERK cascades in the management of repair in serous membrane injury. Histochemically revealed an increase in ERK1 expression with two peaks of activity – at 1 and 30 days.Conclusion. Our data establish multichannel control of the reparative process in the area of damage to the serous membrane with the involvement of both the p38 and ERK MAPK cascades, which is important to consider when developing methods of influencing the wound healing process in the abdominal cavity

EXPRESSION OF COLLAGENS IN THE DAMAGE AREA AT ABDOMINAL ADHESIONS

Background. Postoperative adhesions are a serious problem in surgery. However, at the present time molecular mechanisms of the adhesion process are insufficiently studied. Aim. To study the dynamics of expression of genes encoding the synthesis of collagen in case of damage to the serosa on the example of the peritoneum in conditions of aseptic inflammation. Materials and methods. Aseptic inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity was modeled (Wistar rats, n = 40). A micro- and macroscopic picture of the damage area was studied. Immunofluorescent staining for Type I collagen (Col 1A1) was performed. The expression of genes encoding collagen of different types was evaluated using the RT2-Profiler PCR kit Array Rat Wound Healing. Results. It has been established that the adhesion process with peritoneal damage in aseptic conditions reaches its maximum by the 30th day of observation. The same period coincides with the maximum of collagen synthesis in fibroblasts in the repair area, revealed by immunofluorescence study. The interrelation of synthesis of type I and III collagens went as expected - the onset of expression of type III collagen (from day 3) is ahead of the expression of collagen type I (from day 7). Peak gene expression of collagens type I, Alpha-1 and -2; type III Alpha-1, type IV Alpha-1 and -3, type V Alpha-1, -2 and -3; type XIV Alpha-1 (Col14a1) falls on the 14th day. For the first time, active involvement of type V alpha-3 collagen in the adhesion process was noted - we detected both early (from day 1) and maximum intensive (up to 166.96 times increase in comparison with intact animals). Conclusion. Perhaps, the hyperexpression of collagen V alpha-3 that we revealed is an important link in the pathogenesis of adhesion in the abdominal cavity

An examination of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of a new antiadhesive preparation (experimental study)

Adhesive process in the abdominal cavity was simulated in Wistar rats. The animals were divided into two groups: the main one - simulation of adhesive process in the abdominal cavity and introduction of 3 ml of saline into the abdominal cavity; and the controls - simulation of adhesive process in the abdominal cavity and introduction of 3 ml of new antiadhesive preparation. We evaluated biochemical parameters at eight time points during the period from 2 hours to 28 days. The introduced drug for adhesion prevention did not affect the protein-synthetic function of the liver: the blood level of whole protein was the same in both groups and remained within the normal range throughout the follow-up period. The blood level of creatinine, which is the end product of protein metabolism reflecting the renal excretory function, was within normal values in both groups throughout the observation period. Significant differences between the groups were noted only on the 28th day of the experiment: in the main group creatinine level was higher as compared to the control group (p = 0.014), but remained within the normal range. The same pattern was observed when evaluating the blood urea level, which reflects the renal excretory function - the blood urea level remained normal in both groups throughout the experiment. Hence, the new antiadhesive drug does not produce toxic effect on liver and kidneys in a single intraperitoneal introduction in experiment. Biochemical indices are the same as in single intraperitoneal infusion of saline

INVOLVEMENT OF JNK MAPK CASCADES IN THE FORMATION OF ADHESIONS IN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY

Adhesive process in the abdominal cavity is one of the most frequent complications of intra-abdominal surgery.The aim of the study was to evaluate the activation of the JNK MAPK cascade during the experimental adhesion process.Materials and methods. Experimental studies were performed on 40 male Wistar rats (9 months old). We modeled the adhesive  process in the abdominal cavity. At the time from 2 hours (2, 6, 12  hours) to 30 days (1, 3, 7, 14, 30 days), a JNK MAPK cascade was  evaluated in the zone of damage to the serosa using  immunohistochemical methods (painting on JNK1 Phospho (pT183) /  JNK2 Phospho (pT183) / JNK3 Phospho (pT221)) and real-time  PCR (the MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway RT2 - Profiler ™ PCR Array  (Qiagen) kit). Results. We have found that the expression of the  phosphorylated part of the JNK MAPK cascades has an undulating dynamics with two  peaks on the 3rd and 14th day. It has been determined that all  three JNK cascades are involved in the process, and all JNK cascades are synchronously activated on the 3rd day (JNK1 increases 12-fold  in comparison with the group of intact animals, JNK2 is 8-fold, JNK3  is 10-fold). On the 14th day, the activity of the JNK3 cascade is the  most intensively increased – 30 times (for JNK1 – about 6 times,  JNK2 – 12 times).  Conclusion. Significant activation of MARK cascades has been established on the 14th day after traumatic injury, which indicates the need for long-term prevention of posttraumatic changes, in particular, the formation of adhesions

EXPRESSION OF COLLAGENS IN THE DAMAGE AREA AT ABDOMINAL ADHESIONS

Background. Postoperative adhesions are a serious problem in surgery. However, at the present time molecular mechanisms of the adhesion process are insufficiently studied. Aim. To study the dynamics of expression of genes encoding the synthesis of collagen in case of damage to the serosa on the example of the peritoneum in conditions of aseptic inflammation. Materials and methods. Aseptic inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity was modeled (Wistar rats, n = 40). A micro- and macroscopic picture of the damage area was studied. Immunofluorescent staining for Type I collagen (Col 1A1) was performed. The expression of genes encoding collagen of different types was evaluated using the RT2-Profiler PCR kit Array Rat Wound Healing. Results. It has been established that the adhesion process with peritoneal damage in aseptic conditions reaches its maximum by the 30th day of observation. The same period coincides with the maximum of collagen synthesis in fibroblasts in the repair area, revealed by immunofluorescence study. The interrelation of synthesis of type I and III collagens went as expected - the onset of expression of type III collagen (from day 3) is ahead of the expression of collagen type I (from day 7). Peak gene expression of collagens type I, Alpha-1 and -2; type III Alpha-1, type IV Alpha-1 and -3, type V Alpha-1, -2 and -3; type XIV Alpha-1 (Col14a1) falls on the 14th day. For the first time, active involvement of type V alpha-3 collagen in the adhesion process was noted - we detected both early (from day 1) and maximum intensive (up to 166.96 times increase in comparison with intact animals). Conclusion. Perhaps, the hyperexpression of collagen V alpha-3 that we revealed is an important link in the pathogenesis of adhesion in the abdominal cavity

The Use of Drainage Structures in Abdominal Surgery in the Postoperative Period (Experimental Study)

Preventive drainage of the abdominal cavity after gastrointestinal surgery is widely used. However, debates about the need for abdominal drainage have not subsided so far.The aim of the study: to establish the effect of the duration of the use of drains on the development of postoperative complications in the experiment.Materials and methods. For the experiments, male Wistar rats weighing 220-250 g at the age of 9 months were used. A mid laparotomy was performed, then the serous-muscular layer of the cecum was opened, 1 cm long, followed by suturing the wound with a self-twisting suture, and the parietal peritoneum of the right lateral canal was sized 1.5х1.5 cm. A silicone catheter was installed. The study was conducted in two groups. In the first group, the drainage was removed after 24 hours, in the second - after three days. The study was conducted on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 30th day, 6 animals in each group/at each term. The severity of the adhesive process in the abdominal cavity, the presence of an inflammatory process in the peritoneum, and hematological parameters were evaluated.Results. It was established that the severity of the adhesion process in groups in all periods of observation was comparable. The severity of purulent-inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity on the 14th and 30th day was significantly lower when installing drainage for 1 day than 3 days.Conclusion. A study with the installation of drainage in the absence of infection of the peritoneum showed that the duration of the installation of the drain adversely affects the incidence of purulent-inflammatory changes in the abdominal cavity, which must be taken into account when planning the use of drainages in abdominal surgery

Results of treatment of tuberculosis patients in a hospital at home

Aim: The analysis of work of a home care for patients with tuberculosis in Perm. Materials and methods: The results of treatment of patients with tuberculosis at a home care are shown in this work. Results: This stationary substitution technology was used for residents of remote areas of Perm for controlled treatment of patients with low adherence to treatment, due to social and medical factors. Conclusions: Among patients with bacterial excretion, who evaded treatment in conditions of noctidial hospital, with low adherence to treatment in stationary, under controlled chemotherapy gives an opportunity to get an effectiveness of treatment of a half of the (50%) patients. A high percentage of interruptions from treatment requires further studying of approaches to the provision of medical care at a home care, using measures of social support for tuberculosis patients.Цель. анализ работы стационара на дому для больных туберкулезом в городе Перми. Материалы и методы. В работе представлены результаты лечения больных туберкулезом в условиях стационара на дому. результаты. данную стационар-замещающую технологию использовали для жителей отдаленных районов города Перми для проведения контролируемого лечения у пациентов с низкой приверженностью к лечению, обусловленную социальными и медицинскими факторами. Выводы. Среди больных с бактериовыделением, уклонившихся от лечения в условиях круглосуточного стационара, с низкой приверженностью к лечению в стационарных условиях, проведенная контролируемая химиотерапия позволила получить у половины (50%) эффективность лечения. Высокий процент отрывов от лечения требует дальнейшего изучения подходов к оказанию медицинской помощи в условиях стационара на дому, используя меры социальной поддержки больных туберкулезом

The Dipole Magnet Design for the ALICE DiMuon Arm Spectrometer

An essential part of the DiMuon Arm Spectrometer of the ALICE experiment is a conventional Dipole Magnet of about 890 tons which provides the bending power to measure the momenta of muons. The JINR engineering design of the Dipole Magnet, technical characteristics and description of the proposed manufacturing procedure are presented. The proposed Coil fabrication technique is based on winding of flat pancakes, which are subsequently bent on cylindrical mandrels. The pancakes are then stacked and cured with prepreg insulation. The method is demonstrated on hand of the prototype II, which consists of a pancake made with full-size aluminium conductor. Some details of electromagnetic and mechanical calculations are described. The results of measuring of mechanical and electrical characteristics of materials related to the coil composite structure are discussed