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    FIGURE 3 from Activating Transcription Factor 5 Promotes Neuroblastoma Metastasis by Inducing Anoikis Resistance

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    Depletion of ATF5 induces anoikis and decreases metastasis of neuroblastoma cells. A and B, Viability of BE(2)-C and SK-N-DZ suspension cells in poly-HEMA–coated plates, expressing Dox-inducible shATF5-1 or shATF5-2 at different timepoints after Dox treatment. Mean ± SD. C and D, Quantification of anoikis of BE(2)-C and SK-N-DZ suspension cells cultured as in A and B at different timepoints after Dox addition. Mean ± SD. E, Quantification of whole-body bioluminescence flux (photons/second) in mice 24 hours after intracardiac injection of BE(2)-C-shATF5-2 cells, + Dox (n = 9); −Dox, (n = 9). Mice were maintained on drinking water containing Dox (2 mg/mL) from 3 days before injection to the time of euthanasia. F, Bioluminescent images at 24 hours after intracardiac injection under conditions described in E. G, Quantification of bioluminescence of blood from mice collected 12 and 24 hours after intracardiac injection under conditions described in E. H, Quantification of apoptosis of BE(2)-C-shATF5-2 CTCs isolated from mice 12 hours after intracardiac injection and treatment ± Dox (see E and Materials and Methods), + Dox (n = 5), −Dox, (n = 5). I, RT-PCR analyses of ATF5 and ACTB in circulating BE(2)-C-shATF5-2 cells isolated after 12 hours. J, Time course of whole-body bioluminescence flux in mice treated as in E. + Dox (n = 8); −Dox, (n = 9). The mice were monitored for metastatic spread by bioluminescence and euthanized at day 31. K, Quantification of total flux (photons/second) by ex vivo liver bioluminescence at the time of euthanasia (day 31). L, Quantification of bioluminescence in bone marrow homogenates at the time of euthanasia (day 31). *, P P P P < 0.0001.</p
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