Effects of technological change on non-renewable resource extraction and exploration

This paper provides a non-renewable resource extraction model with both technological change and resource exploration. Especially, we consider two types of technology, extraction technology and exploration technology. We show how these technologies affect efficient non-renewable resource extraction differently. Then, progress in extraction technology drops marginal revenue of extraction and resource price by changing the structure of those dynamics, while progress in exploration technology drops marginal revenue of extraction and resource price remaining the structure of those dynamics. Finally, we illustrate the difference becomes significant when innovative technologies are developed using numerical examples

シンニュウ ケイロ ノ ドウテイ ガ コンナン デ アッタ フククウナイ イブツ ニ タイシテ フククウキョウカ シュジュツ ガ ユウヨウ デ アッタ 1レイ

A woman in her 50s presented with left flank pain after eating fish. She was hospitalized by clinical suspicion of small-intestinal penetration by a fish bone, diagnosed with a CT scan. Physical examination on her initial visit revealed mild abdominal tenderness in her left flank region. On the same day, a CT image revealed a high-density line substance in the left middle abdomen, suggesting the presence of a fish bone. A fluoroscopy revealed a long and narrow foreign body, which was clearer than a fish bone, in the left of the umbilicus. Under a diagnosis of peritonitis related to small intestinal penetration by a metallic foreign body, we performed emergency surgery. After we examined the peritoneal cavity under a laparoscope, we detected a needle-like substance in the greater omentum of the left flank, and removed. It was identified as a metallic wire

Stabilization of SF₅⁻ with Glyme-Coordinated Alkali Metal Cations

The stabilization of complex fluoroanions derived from weakly acidic parent fluorides is a significant and ongoing challenge. The [SF₅]⁻ anion is recognized as one such case, and only a limited number of [SF₅]⁻ salts are known to be stable at room temperature. In the present study, glyme-coordinated alkali metal cations (K⁺, Rb⁺, and Cs⁺) are employed to stabilize [SF₅]⁻, which provides a simple synthetic route to a [SF₅]⁻ salt. The reactivities of KF and RbF with SF₄ are significantly enhanced by complexation with G4, based on Raman spectroscopic analyses. A new room-temperature stable salt, [Cs(G4)₂][SF₅] (G4 = tetraglyme), was synthesized by stoichiometric reaction of CsF, G4, and SF₄. The vibrational frequencies of [SF₅]⁻ were assigned based on quantum chemical calculations, and the shift of the G4 breathing mode accompanying coordination to metal cations was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that Cs⁺ is completely isolated from [SF₅]⁻ by two G4 ligands and [SF₅]⁻ is disordered along the crystallographic two-fold axis. Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals that the H···H interaction between two neighboring [Cs(G4)₂]⁺ moieties is more dominant on the Hirshfeld surface than the interaction between the H atom in glyme molecules and the F atom in [SF₅]⁻, providing a CsCl-type structural model where the large and spherical [Cs(G4)₂]⁺ cations contact each other and the [SF₅]⁻ anions occupy interstitial spaces in the crystal lattice. The [SF₅]⁻ anion, combined with [Cs(G4)₂]⁺, exhibits a very limited deoxofluorinating ability toward hydroxyl groups in both neat conditions and THF solutions

Giant geometry modulation on magnetic proximity effect observed in isomeric oxide heterostructures

Magnetic proximity effect (MPE) is generally considered to occur at the magnetic-nonmagnetic material interface within a short-range space domain, while the structural geometry modulation on such an interface effect has not been explored. Here, we fabricate isomeric paramagnetic metallic IrO2 with rutile and anatase structures, respectively, on a ferrimagnetic insulating CoFe2O4, and study the MPE-induced magnetism by anomalous Hall effect (AHE) measurements. The rutile phase with layered structure shows a conventional AHE and identical coercive-field with CoFe2O4, indicating a concomitant magnetic switching as a result of a strong magnetic coupling at the interface. In contrast, the anatase phase with tetrahedral structure exhibits an unconventional AHE with negative coercive-field at low temperatures. Further analyses indicate that in anatase, the contribution that strongly couples with CoFe2O4 is dramatically suppressed while a giant frustration-like response emerges. Our findings reveal that the MPE-induced spin orders can be pronouncedly modulated by structural geometry