The value of blood D-dimer test in the diagnosis of walk-in patients with venous thromboembolism

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and related pulmonary thromboembolism are life-threatening diseases that require efficient diagnosis and clinical management. While the diagnosis and treatment of VTE in hospitalized patients has been extensively studied, less has been reported on walk-in patients with VTE. Here we report on four outpatients with VTE that were efficiently diagnosed using the blood D-dimer test and successfully treated

Polyamine depletion induces G1 and S phase arrest in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Polyamines and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) are essential for cell proliferation. DL-α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a synthetic inhibitor of ODC, induces G₁arrest through dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb). The effect of DFMO on cell growth of pRb deficient cells is not known. We examined the effects of DFMO on pRb deficient human retinoblastoma Y79 cell proliferation and its molecular mechanism.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using cultured Y79 cells, the effects of DFMO were studied by using polyamine analysis, western blot, gel shift, FACS and promoter analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>DFMO suppressed the proliferation of Y79 cells, which accumulated in the G1 and S phase. DFMO induced p27/Kip1 protein expression, p107 dephosphorylation and accumulation of p107/E2F-4 complex in Y79 cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results indicate that p107 dephosphorylation and accumulation of p107/E2F-4 complex is involved in G₁and S phase arrest of DFMO treated Y79 cells.</p

Polyamine depletion induces Gand S phase arrest in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Polyamine depletion induces Gand S phase arrest in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells"</p><p>http://www.cancerci.com/content/8/1/2</p><p>Cancer Cell International 2008;8():2-2.</p><p>Published online 21 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2259317.</p><p></p>) treated with 5 mM DFMO for 0, 24, 48 h or 5 mM DFMO and 20 μM putrescine for 48 h were immunoprecipitated with anti E2F-4 antibody and immunoblotted with anti p107 anitibody. B: Cell lysates (100 μg) were immunoprecipitated with anti E2F-1, 2, 3, and 5 antibodies and immunoblotted with anti p107 anitibody (upper panels) or with anti E2F-1, 2, 3, and 5 antibodies (lower panels). C: Cell lysates (100 μg) were immunoprecipitated with anti C-Myc antibody and immunoblotted with anti p107 anitibody (left panel). The lysate of Y79 cells treated with DFMO for 24 h were immunoprecipitated with anti C-Myc antibody and immunoblotted with anti C-Myc antibody (right panel). D: Cell lysates (100 μg) were immunoprecipitated with anti p107 antibody and immunoblotted with anti B-Myb anitibody (left panel). The lysate of Y79 cells treated with DFMO for 24 h were immunoprecipitated with anti p107 antibody and immunoblotted with anti p107 antibody (right panel). E: Cell lysates (100 μg) were immunoprecipitated with anti MCM7 antibody and immunoblotted with anti p107 anitibody

Polyamine depletion induces Gand S phase arrest in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Polyamine depletion induces Gand S phase arrest in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells"</p><p>http://www.cancerci.com/content/8/1/2</p><p>Cancer Cell International 2008;8():2-2.</p><p>Published online 21 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2259317.</p><p></p>ere subjected to western blot analysis using the antibodies against p16, p21, p27, and cytochrome c (as a control). Quantification of the bands was performed using the NIH image software, and corrected using the levels of cytochrome c. The data were expressed as %, compared to that observed at 0 h (100%). The experiments were repeated twice and similar results were obtained. A typical result is presented. B: Cell lysates (100 μg) of Y79 cells and Jurkat cells (positive control) were subjected to western blot analysis using the antibody against pRb (upper panel). Y79 cells were treated with 5 mM DFMO for 24 and 48 h. Cell lysates (50 μg) were subjected to western blot analysis using the antibodies against p107 and p130 (middle and lower panels). Signals were visualized using ECL. pp107 and p107 indicate hyperphosphorylated p107 and hypophosphorylated p107, respectively. 1, 2, and 3 indicate phosphorylated forms of p130

Polyamine depletion induces Gand S phase arrest in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Polyamine depletion induces Gand S phase arrest in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells"</p><p>http://www.cancerci.com/content/8/1/2</p><p>Cancer Cell International 2008;8():2-2.</p><p>Published online 21 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2259317.</p><p></p>eated Y79 cells and E2F binding oligonucleotides. Lanes 1–4 : Nuclear extracts from Y79 cells treated with 5 mM DFMO for 0, 24, 48 h or 5 mM DFMO and 20 μM putrescine for 48 h were incubated as described under Experimental. Lanes 5–7 : Nuclear extracts from Y79 cells treated with 5 mM DFMO for 24 h were preincubated with control IgG, E2F-4 antibody, and p107 antibody, respectively. Lanes 8, 9 : Nuclear extracts from Y79 cells treated with 5 mM DFMO for 24 h were incubated with 50 ng of unlabeled competitor (WT and MT, respectively). B: One μg of pE2WTx4-Luc and 10 ng of pRL-CMV were co-transfected into Y79 cells (5 × 10) using FuGene™ Transfection Reagent. After 24 h culture media were changed to RPMI 1640 media with or without 5 mM DFMO or 5 mM DFMO and 20 μM putrescine. Cell lysates were prepared at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after the addition of DFMO, and examined for luciferase activity to monitor the promoter activity. Significantly different compared to control cells: *p < 0.0

Polyamine depletion induces Gand S phase arrest in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Polyamine depletion induces Gand S phase arrest in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells"</p><p>http://www.cancerci.com/content/8/1/2</p><p>Cancer Cell International 2008;8():2-2.</p><p>Published online 21 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2259317.</p><p></p>ounted. B: Cell viability was analyzed with trypan blue dye exclusion test. Significantly different compared to 0 h: *p < 0.0