32 research outputs found
Quantum gas-liquid condensation in an attractive Bose gas
Gas-liquid condensation (GLC) in an attractive Bose gas is studied on the
basis of statistical mechanics. Using some results in combinatorial
mathematics, the following are derived: (1) With decreasing temperature, the
Bose-statistical coherence grows in the many-body wave function, which gives
rise to the divergence of the grand partition function prior to Bose-Einstein
condensation. It is a quantum-mechanical analogue to the GLC in a classical gas
(quantum GLC). (2) This GLC is triggered by the bosons with zero momentum.
Compared with the classical GLC, an incomparably weaker attractive force
creates it. For the system showing the quantum GLC, we discuss a cold helium 4
gas at sufficiently low pressure.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Meissner effect in a charged Bose gas with short-range repulsion
The question of whether the BEC is a necessary condition of the Meissner
effect is examined. The electromagnetic susceptibility of a charged Bose gas
with short-range repulsion is studied using the perturbation theory with
respect to the repulsive force. With decreasing temperature, the
Bose-statistical coherence grows, and prior to the BEC phase the susceptibility
shows a singularity implying the Meissner effect. This means that the BEC is a
sufficient, but not a necessary condition of the Meissner effect in the charged
Bose gas with short-range repulsion.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Nonclassical rotational behavior at the vicinity of the lamda point
The rotational property of a quantum liquid at the vicinity of the lambda
point is examined. In a liquid helium 4 just above the lambda point, under the
strong influence of Bose statistics, the coherent many-body wave function grows
to an intermediate size between a macroscopic and a microscopic one, which is
of a different nature from the thermal fluctuations. It must reflect in the
rotational properties such as the moment of inertia. Beginning with the bosons
without the condensate, we make a perturbation calculation of its
susceptibility with respect to the repulsive interaction, and examine how, with
decreasing temperature, the growth of the coherent wave function gradually
changes the rotational behavior of a liquid:The moment of inertia slightly
decreases just above the lambda point. This means that at the vicinity of the
lambda point, the mechanical superfluid density does not always agree with the
thermodynamical one.We compare the result to the experiment by Hess and
Fairbank. A new interpretation of the shear viscosity just above the lambda
point is given from this viewpoint.Comment: 12pages, 5figure