Open-[60]fullerene–aniline conjugates with near-infrared absorption

Two open-[60]fullerene–aniline conjugates were synthesized, in which the two-fold addition of diamine gave a thiazolidine-2-thione ring on the [60]fullerene cage in the presence of CS₂. By increasing the number of N, N-dimethylaniline moieties, the absorption edge was considerably shifted up to 1200 nm owing to effective acceptor–donor interactions

Bilateral π-extension of an open-[60]fullerene in a helical manner

The conventional π-elongation of open-[60]fullerenes could only give unilaterally π-extended derivatives. Herein, we report the further π-elongation at another site to achieve bilateral π-elongation via a consecutive nucleophilic addition of 4, 5-dimethyl-o-phenylenediamine. The thus-formed π-extended open-[60]fullerene bears two-fold diaza[n]helicene (n = 5 and 6) motifs in its skeleton. The crystallographic analysis revealed the characteristic helicene–fullerene interactions with close contacts of 3.09 and 3.14 Å

Methotrexate for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: process to approval for JIA indication in Japan

Methotrexate (MTX), the primary treatment for the articular-type juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is effective and brings about radiological improvement. Patient compliance is good, and it is recognized that its known side effects, namely, disruption of liver function and induction of pulmonary lesions, are unlikely to be severe at the low MTX doses that are administered. In Japan, MTX was granted approval in 1999 by the then Ministry of Health and Welfare specifically for treating rheumatoid arthritis in adult patients, allowing it be generally used in medical institutions for patients having National Health Insurance. However, in the pediatric field, its use outside the indications has so far been unavoidable, and has been left to the discretion of the physician. Finally, at the present conference, expansion of the indications of MTX for JIA was approved in Japan. It is noteworthy that this expansion of indications was achieved without requiring clinical trials on children sponsored by the pharmaceutical company: it was achieved rather by collecting necessary information through ongoing efforts (including collection and analysis of information about approval status in foreign countries, adequate evidence from the literature, implementation of a clinical use survey in Japan, etc.). It also merits attention that the maximum dose (10 mg/m2) was set on the basis of pharmacokinetic data from children, rather than relying on the dosing method and dose for adults

Advertising Capstone (ADV30002) Visiting Speaker Program 2019

Recorded sessions from the Advertising Capstone Visiting Speaker program held between 15 August and 5 September 2019