Symmetry Constraints in Inflation, α\alpha-vacua, and the Three Point Function

The Ward identities for conformal symmetries in single field models of inflation are studied in more detail in momentum space. For a class of generalized single field models, where the inflaton action contains arbitrary powers of the scalar and its first derivative, we find that the Ward identities are valid. We also study a one-parameter family of vacua, called $\alpha$-vacua, which preserve conformal invariance in de Sitter space. We find that the Ward identities, upto contact terms, are met for the three point function of a scalar field in the probe approximation in these vacua. Interestingly, the corresponding non-Gaussian term in the wave function does not satisfy the operator product expansion. For scalar perturbations in inflation, in the $\alpha$-vacua, we find that the Ward identities are not satisfied. We argue that this is because the back-reaction on the metric of the full quantum stress tensor has not been self-consistently incorporated. We also present a calculation, drawing on techniques from the AdS/CFT correspondence, for the three point function of scalar perturbations in inflation in the Bunch-Davies vacuum.Comment: 51 pages, 3 figures, 6 appendices. v3: JHEP version. Minor typos correcte

Growth and Characterization of Fe0.95Se0.6Te0.4 Single Crystal

In this paper we present the single crystal growth of Fe0.95Se0.6Te0.4 high TC superconducting sample by the modified Bridgman technique. The x-ray diffraction pattern shows the single crystal nature of the sample, as only (00l) peaks are detectable. The stoichiometric composition has been verified by energy dispersive x-ray analysis. The superconducting transition temperature at 14 K was confirmed through DC magnetization (ZFC-FC) and resistivity measurements. By analyzing the isothermal M-H curves, we determined the value of H_c1 (0) ~360 Oe by extrapolating the data. The temperature coefficient of resistivity obtained using the power law fitting was found to be 0.6. The obtained Raman spectra at room temperature can be interpreted with the tetragonal crystal structure and space group P4/nmm.Comment: conference pape

Controlled bidirectional remote state preparation in noisy environment: A generalized view

It is shown that a realistic, controlled bidirectional remote state preparation is possible using a large class of entangled quantum states having a particular structure. Existing protocols of probabilistic, deterministic and joint remote state preparation are generalized to obtain the corresponding protocols of controlled bidirectional remote state preparation (CBRSP). A general way of incorporating the effects of two well known noise processes, the amplitude-damping and phase-damping noise, on the probabilistic CBRSP process is studied in detail by considering that noise only affects the travel qubits of the quantum channel used for the probabilistic CBRSP process. Also indicated is how to account for the effect of these noise channels on deterministic and joint remote state CBRSP protocols.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure

Managing Paraffin/Wax Deposition Challenges in Deepwater Hydrocarbon Production Systems

The prevention of solids formation and their deposition are major challenges to design and operate any subsea hydrocarbon production systems. One of the most challenging issues is the management of paraffin/wax. As the water depth increases, at the low temperatures of subsea conditions, hydrocarbons may precipitate as wax, which can solidify and restrict the flow. During shutdown of a subsea production system wax gel may form and solidify when a crude oil cools below its pour point causing operational problems from downhole to the processing facilities. The purpose of this chapter is to address the paraffin/wax formation and deposition issues to properly design a subsea production system consisting of pipe-in-pipe flowline and flexible riser under deepwater environment. A field specific example is presented to manage the wax formation/deposition and prevent paraffin/wax deposition risks in an effective way during the normal and the shut-in operations of the subsea production system. This study illustrates that the subsea hardware, such as water stop and equipment valves, along with the flowline, riser and jumper should be sufficiently insulated in order to prevent any cold spots in the production system, and achieve sufficient cooldown time for the shut-in operations

Application of Diversity Techniques for Multi User IDMA Communication System

In wireless communication, fading problem is mitigated with help of diversity techniques. This paper presents Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) diversity approach to uproot the fading problem in interleave-division multiple-access (IDMA) scheme. The approach explains receiver diversity as well as transmits diversity analysis as 1:2 and 2:1 antenna system in fading environment, no. of antennas can be increased to improve diversity order. Random interleaver as well tree based interleaver has been taken for study. Significant improvements in performance of IDMA communication is observed with application of diversity techniques. Keywords: Random Interleaver, Tree Based Interleaver, MRC diversity, IDM

Assessment of the Role of Pharmacists in Preventing Medication Errors in Hospital Settings

Medication errors can have serious consequences for patients in hospital settings. As medication experts, pharmacists play a critical role in preventing medication errors. This literature review examines the roles of pharmacists in preventing medication errors in hospital settings. The review identified several roles of pharmacists in preventing medication errors, including medication order review, medication reconciliation, providing drug information and education, and participation in interdisciplinary teams. The review also identified barriers to pharmacist involvement in preventing medication errors, such as limited access to patient information and limited communication with other healthcare professionals. Overall, the literature suggests that pharmacists can play a crucial role in preventing medication errors in hospital settings and that efforts should be made to overcome the barriers to their involvement

Treatment of Psoriasis with the Help of Curcumin Hydrogel

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Current treatments for psoriasis include topical corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and phototherapy, but these treatments may have limited efficacy or cause side effects. Curcumin, a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been shown to have potential as an alternative treatment for psoriasis. However, the low solubility and bioavailability of curcumin limit its effectiveness when administered orally or topically. Curcumin hydrogel, a topical formulation of curcumin, has been developed to address these limitations. In this review, we summarize the current research on the use of curcumin hydrogel in the treatment of psoriasis. We discuss the pharmacological properties of curcumin, the formulation of curcumin hydrogel, and the preclinical and clinical studies investigating the efficacy and safety of curcumin hydrogel in psoriasis. Overall, the available evidence suggests that curcumin hydrogel may be a promising alternative treatment for psoriasis, with potential benefits in reducing inflammation, promoting wound healing, and improving overall quality of life for psoriasis patients. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanism of action of curcumin hydrogel and to optimize its formulation and delivery for maximum efficacy

EFFECT OF POLYMERS ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND DRUG RELEASE PROPERTIES OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF ATENOLOL

Objective: The objective of this research work was to develop a transdermal drug delivery system containing atenolol with different ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymeric combinations, using solvent evaporation technique and to examine the effect of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of polymers on the physicochemical and drug release properties of transdermal patches.Methods: Solvent casting method has been used to formulate transdermal patches. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Ethylcellulose (EC) in different combination ratios were used as the polymer. Propylene glycol was used as a plasticizer. Permeation enhancers such as span 80 were used to enhance permeation through the skin. In vitro diffusion study was carried out by franz diffusion cell using egg membrane as a semi-permeable membrane for diffusion.Results: Result showed that the thickness of the all batch of patches varied from 0.32 to 0.39 mm with uniformity of thickness in each formulation. Formulations F1 to F3 had high moisture content varied from 2.07±0.09 to 2.56±0.15 and high moisture uptake value varied from 3.21±0.35 to 4.09±0.38, due to a higher concentration of hydrophilic polymers. Drug content of all batches was ranged between 85.92±1.32 to 95.71±1.42. Folding endurance values off all batches were more than 75. Formulation batches F1 to F3 showed higher cumulative drug release varied from 61.34% to 68.11% as compared to formulation batches F4 to F6.Conclusion: Higher proportion of hydrophilic polymer in the formulation of transdermal patches, gives higher percentage drug release from prepared patches. The finding of the study indicates that hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of polymer effects the physicochemical and drug release properties of transdermal patches and an optimum proportion of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer is required for the preparation of effective transdermal patches.Â