LEGAL CULTURE FORMATION OF A FUTURE SPECIALIST

Purpose: To identify Legal Culture Formation of a Future Specialist. Methodology: This is an analytical-critical research that uses content analysis and interviews to gain data. In this re-search, all the information obtained are coded, then meaningful propositions were specified and finally a list of these factors are provided. Main Findings: Results showed that knowledge about the foundations of law in the modern times becomes the primary necessity of every member in the society, including students of professional educational institutions, as the success of people in any sphere of their activity largely depends on this: in business, when working in enterprises for hiring new talents or in budgetary organizations, medical care, etc. Applications: The research implications can be used by legal training professional educational institutions and universities. Novelty/Originality: For the first time, hours devoted to the study of law subjects; unsatisfactory qualification of teachers in the legal course; lack of systematic educational and methodical literature, and documentation has been studied

Принципиальное значение запрета на поворот к худшему для уголовно-процессуальной системы

The article deals with the problem of the expediency of a criminal case’s returning to the prosecutor at the stage of appointment and preparation of a court session in Russian criminal proceedings. This problem is relevant to the science of criminal procedure.The purpose of the study is to analyze critically the practice of returning of a criminal case back to the prosecutor in order to correct mistakes made at the pre-trial stages of the proceedings according to the new concept of justice independence and the absence of an accusatory bias in the court functioning.The methodological basis of the study is a set of scientific techniques, focused mostly on the dialectical approach, which made it possible to determine the essential characteristics of the prohibition to turn the criminal proceedings in Russia for the worse. Both general scientific (analysis, synthesis, systematic method) and specific scientific methods (formal-legal, historical-legal, comparative-legal) of knowledge were also used. The analysis helped to formulate the position of understanding the turn for the worse as an independent principle of criminal procedural law, to study the procedural form of the turn for the worse. The synthesis method made it possible to determine the return of the criminal case to the prosecutor at the stage of appointment and preparation of the court session as a holistic institution of the criminal procedure. The systematic approach allowed to determine not only the mixed nature of the mechanism for changing the prosecution to a more serious one, but the investigative organization of pre-trial proceedings and its place in the structure of criminal proceedings, the separation of the investigative and “accusatory powers” of the prosecutors as well as their balance. The historical method let us trace the evolution of the prohibition to turn the Soviet and Russian criminal procedural systems for the worse. The comparative-legal method made it possible to assess the potential of domestic legislators' reception of foreign experience of regulating the prohibition to turn for the worse and formulate proposals to improve the Russian criminal procedural legislation.The main scientific results of this research consist of justification of the conclusion of the conversion expediency of the domestic judicial proceedings to the adversarial model of accusation which is carried out within the trial on the previously filed charge. The presentation of a new charge (criminal action) in court and the procedure of supplementing the charge change it for the worse. This model of re-indictment for the worse for the defendant appears to be fairer and more convenient both for the prosecuting authority and for the legal organization of combating crime. The changeover to the suggested form of implementation of the ban to turn for the worse in the institution of bringing and changing charges in court is possible only in a systematic link with the reform of the preliminary investigation. Conclusion. The institution of the criminal case returning by the court to the prosecutor in order to change the charge to a more serious one when implementing the adversarial model of bringing charges in the criminal procedure system of Russia will fully satisfy the concept of independence of justice administration and the absence of an accusatory bias in the activities of the court, while at the same time with fairly organized the prosecutorial power aimed at countering crime.The section 1 was prepared by N.N. Lysov, section 2 by K.D. Vanyan (together with M.T. Tashilin), section 3 by A.S. Shuisky (together with I.R. Gilmanov), section 4 by V.V. Kosterin.Исследование посвящено актуальной для уголовно-процессуальной науки проблеме целесообразности существования в российском уголовном судопроизводстве института возвращения прокурору уголовного дела на стадии назначения и подготовки судебного заседания. По мнению авторов, запрет на поворот к худшему имеет более фундаментальное значение для уголовно-процессуальной системы, чем ему обычно приписывает теория. Справедливость и эффективность процедуры возвращения судом дела на доследование, позволяющей следователю изменить положение подсудимого посредством предъявления нового обвинения, сомнительны. Предпочтительнее выглядит модель изменения государственным обвинителем обвинения в суде с соблюдением состязательной процедуры, существующая в ряде государств, имеющих состязательный тип уголовного судопроизводства.Раздел 1 подготовлен Н.Н. Лысовым, раздел 2 – К.Д. Ванян (совместно с М.Т. Тащилиным ), раздел 3 – А.С. Шуйским (совместно с И.Р. Гильмановым), раздел 4 – В.В. Костериным

The impact of artificial negative relief forms on the coastal zone of seas

The paper focuses on the consequences of ditches excavation in the foreshore as realized in many places in the former USSR. As theoretically demonstrated and in most field-studies observed, the energy and the period of waves crossing such a channel become smaller : so, quarries should appear as a mean of coastal protection. However, the sedimentological consequences of this fact seem to endanger coastline evolution : it is shown that in most of the cases studied the shoreline retreat until the quarry was totally filled up by sediments. New observations are necessary but, worldwide, the main position, as much as for engineers than for scientists is to dig sediment quarries at places largely deeper than those utilized in the cases-studies.L’auteur aborde un cas de figure généralement considéré aujourd’hui comme particulièrement dangereux pour l’évolution du trait de côte : la chenalisation à l’entrée des ports et la création de fosses pour l’extraction des agrégats marins à de faibles profondeurs. S’appuyant à la fois sur des cas concrets et sur une modélisation qui montrent que la constitution des fosses atténuaient sensiblement l’énergie de la houle (donc son efficacité à la côte), l’auteur démontre que dans presque tous les cas observés en URSS, ces fosses ont eu un impact rapidement négatif sur le trait de côte qui s’est mis à reculer tant que la fosse n’était pas comblée. Sans rejeter totalement la théorie exposée, l’auteur pense que des études très précises concernant le transit littoral doivent anticiper toute décision de réalisation.Shuisky Yuri D. The impact of artificial negative relief forms on the coastal zone of seas. In: Cahiers du Centre nantais de recherche pour l'aménagement régional, n°41-42, 1994. Défense des côtes ou protection de l'espace littoral, quelles perspectives ? Actes du colloque international (17-20 octobre 1991) pp. 82-92

Strategy of construction within the marine coastal zone in relation with coastal dynamics / Stratégie de construction dans les zones côtières marines en liaison avec la dynamique littorale

The coastal zone of seas and oceans has certain specific structures, trends and intensity of development which make it distinct from all other natural systems on the Earth. This also requires a special approach for development and construction in the coastal zone. Thus, on the basis of experience gained from coasts of different seas and states, a system of strategic measures including 16 main elements was formulated. It includes information data on construction, geographical localization of each sector of the coastal zone, corresponding methods of information analysis, harmony between the natural system and construction measures, maintaining the natural restoring potential of the coastal system, safe and effective exploitation of facilities under construction for a maximal period and ecologically friendly facilities. Integrated development of natural resources of the coastal zone seems to be not feasible. The type of economic activity should correspond to individual natural features of the coastal zone. Kinds of activity which contradict one another should not be permitted.Les zones littorales présentent des modalités et des rythmes d’évolution bien distincts des autres systèmes naturels terrestres ce qui implique une approche spécifique en matière de construction et d’aménagement. Ainsi, à partir de l’expérience de terrain, un système de 16 mesures stratégiques est proposé. Il comprend des données sur la construction, une localisation géographique de chaque secteur côtier, des méthodes d’analyse adaptées, un équilibre entre le système naturel et les décisions en matière de construction, la préservation du potentiel naturel de restauration du système littoral, des équipements sûrs et efficaces sur le long terme et respectueux de l’écologie. L’exploitation intégrée des ressources naturelles de la zone côtière ne semble pas être réalisable. Les activités économiques doivent être adaptées aux conditions naturelles locales et ne doivent pas s’opposer les unes aux autres.Shuisky Yuri D. Strategy of construction within the marine coastal zone in relation with coastal dynamics / Stratégie de construction dans les zones côtières marines en liaison avec la dynamique littorale. In: Cahiers du Centre nantais de recherche pour l'aménagement régional, n°47-48, 1997. Littoral 95 - Actes du Colloque International Continuités et ruptures sur les littoraux européens. pp. 439-443

THE INFLUENCE OF THE MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE MARCOZOOBENTHOS OF THE SMALL LAKES LITTORAL OF THE NORTH-WEST OF RUSSIA

For the first time, quantitatively described have been the laws of reaction of the macrozoobenthos of the lakes littoral for the mineral fertilizers, coming to the hydroecosystem in various modes, and for the press of the fishes-benthophages. First offered has been the method of the quick and effective regulation of the littoral macrozoobenthos productivity by introducing the minimal doses of fertilizers by portions, without disturbing the hydroecosystem. The method of correction of the normative densities of mounting the fishes-benthophages for each definite water reservoir. The results have been used in the fishing firm (with the trade and nursery growing of fishes) and in the production hydrobiology (the methods of study of the growth, production, elimination). The field of application: the hydrology, the common ecology, fish-keeping, the nature-protective measuresAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Recipe-technological aspects of improving the properties of non-autoclaved aerated concrete

The paper dwells upon non-autoclaved aerated concrete technology issues relating to the effect of various composition and technological factors on the aerated-concrete non-autoclave products. It presents the results of experiments carried out to study the effect of three factors: the order in which components are added to the AC mixture; the efficiency of adding a complex sodium additive to the mixture; the effect of adding the structuring additive, the ‘off-cut’. Comparative analysis of physico-mechanical test results revealed that adding the structuring additive increases the compression strength of aerated concrete while also making it denser