Pairwise D_A distance among the 13 populations.

<p>Pairwise D_A distance among the 13 populations.</p

The Contribution of Genetic Diversity to Subdivide Populations Living in the Silk Road of China

<div><p>There are several indigenous ethnic populations along the silk road in the Northwest of China that display clear differences in culture and social customs, perhaps as a result of geographic isolation and different linguistic traditions. However, extensive trade and other interactions probably facilitated the admixture of different gene pools between these populations over the last two millennia. To further explore the evolutionary relationships of the 13 ethnic populations residing in Northwest China and to reveal the features of population admixture, the 9 most-commonly employed CODIS loci (D3S1358, TH01, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, CSF1PO, vWA, TPOX, FGA) were selected for genotyping and further analysis. Phylogenetic tree and principal component analysis revealed clear pattern of population differentiation between 4 populations living in Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Region and other 9 populations dwelled in the upper regions of Silk Road. R matrix regression showed high-level gene flow and population admixture dose exist among these ethic populations in the Northwest region of China. Furthermore, the Mantel test suggests that larger percent of genetic variance (21.58% versus 2.3%) can be explained by geographic isolation than linguistic barriers, which matched with the contribution of geographic factors to other world populations.</p></div

Name of the studied populations, number of chromosomes, geographic coordinates, linguistic background, religion and reference.

a<p>: Han_XA represents the Han population living in Xi'an, while Han_XJ represents the Han population in Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Region.</p>b<p>: “Lamaism” is a branch of Buddhism that is popular in some regions of China, especially in West China.</p

Mantel tests of three different types of distances.

<p>Note: Dgen stands for genetic distance, Dgeo as geographic distance, and Dlan language distance.</p

Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on D_A distance.

<p>Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on D_A distance.</p

Regression plots of 13 populations.

<p>Regression plots of 13 populations.</p

Geography of the studied region.

<p>Note: 1, Kashgar; 2, Han_XA; 3, Hui; 4, Mongol; 5, Uyghur; 6, Kazakh; 7, Uzbek; 8, Kirghiz; 9, Salar; 10, Tu; 11, Dongxiang; 12, Yugur; 13, Baoan; 14, Han_XJ. The dash line with arrow is the Silk Road within China; from Xi'an to Kashgar and beyond. The numbers from 2 to 14 are the locations of 13 populations in this study.</p

Plot of principal component analysis.

<p>Note:a. Scatter plot of the first two principal components (PC1, PC2). b. Scatter plot of the PC2 and PC3</p

Genetic polymorphism of 13 populations for the 9 STR system.

<p>Genetic polymorphism of 13 populations for the 9 STR system.</p

Data_Sheet_2_The strategies of exercise intervention for adolescent depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.PDF

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise intervention, and analyze exercise intervention strategies for adolescent depression through a meta-analysis of RCTs.MethodsAccordance to PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Medline, EBSCO, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and CNKI were searched for eligible records. Peer-reviewed studies were included if they met the following criteria: population (mean age of 10–18 years), intervention (physical activity, sport, or exercise), and outcomes (depression, adherence, ITT, dropout, adverse events, follow-up report). The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022321683). Effect sizes calculations and methodological quality of exercise intervention (TESTEX scale) were carried out. The certainty of evidence was assessed by GRADE framework.ResultsThirteen randomized controlled trials were eligible for this review, which comprised a total of 433 adolescents. Compared with the control treatment, the effect of exercise on adolescent depression was moderate (SMD = −0.65, 95%CI: −1.03 to −0.27, p 2 = 0.30, I2 = 67%, p 2 > 50%, p ConclusionThis study shows that exercise intervention has a moderate and sustained positive effect on adolescent depression. Our results recommended that adolescents with depression undertake moderate to high intensity group mixed exercise for more than 12 weeks, 20 to 60 min/time, more than 3 times/week. Additionally, our study also shows that the antidepressant effects remained for a long time after the end of exercise interventions. However, following the GRADE framework, we rated the certainty of evidence the primary meta-analysis as moderate evidence due to some limitations of included studies. Therefore, rigorous studies are still needed to verify the results.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=321683], identifier [CRD42022321683].</p