A survey of cryptorchidism among pediatric patients

Introduction: Cryptorchidism is one of the frequent congenital anomaly which can be seen in male external genitalia of pediatric patients. This may result in infertility, testicular trauma, malignancy, torsion, and strangulation of associated inguinal hernia therefore early diagnosis and treatment is of paramount importance. Methods: The study includes boys above the age of 6 months who were clinically diagnosed with either unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism. Total of 105 boys were included in the study, out of which 83 boys have unilateral whereas 22 boys have bilateral cryptorchidism. Results: More prevalence was seen on right side in the cases of unilateral cryptorchidism. Ultrasonography has been used to locate the testicles followed by palpable examination. The study concluded the prevalence of cryptorchidism more on right side which has been located more in the inguinal region

Septate uterus with hypoplastic left adnexa with cervical duplication and longitudinal vaginal septum: Rare Mullerian anomaly

A large analysis of all the studies in the period from 1950 to 2007 suggests that the prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in the general population is 6.7%; and in the infertile population, 7.3%. We report a rare case of unilateral hypoplastic fallopian tube and ovary with septate uterus, cervical duplication, longitudinal vaginal septum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a congregation of anomalies

Pregnancy outcome of women with gestational diabetes in a tertiary level hospital of North India

Background: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pose an important public health problem because diabetes not only affects the maternal and fetal outcome, but these women and their fetuses are also at an increased risk of developing diabetes and related complications later in their life. Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the maternal and fetal outcomes of 50 diabetic vs 50 normoglycemic pregnancies. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analytical record-based study conducted in a tertiary level hospital. Detailed information regarding maternal, fetal, and labor outcome parameters was recorded in a prestructured proforma and compared in normoglycemic and diabetic pregnancies. Results: Patients with obesity, history of diabetes in the family, spontaneous abortions, and gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies had a greater incidence of GDM in current pregnancy (P<0.05 for all). Hypertension, polyhydramnios, macrosomia, fetopelvic disproportion, and cesarean sections were more (P<0.001) among diabetic pregnancies. Congenital anomalies, polycythemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperbilirubinemia were also observed to be more (P<0.05) in neonates born to diabetics, suggesting an adverse effect of hyperglycemia in utero. Conclusion: Diabetes during pregnancy is associated with higher maternal and fetal morbidity. Therefore, early screening, detection, close monitoring, and intervention is essential to reduce maternal and fetal short- and long-term adverse effects, especially in high-risk groups. Pregnancy provides an opportunity to the clinician to control the disease process and inculcate healthy lifestyle practices in these patients